I see a lot of posts from people who have bought a camera in unknown condition and want to know if it works. I thought I'd make this post with some tips on how to check over a camera without using expensive equipment.
Note: This won't give you a 100% accurate view but it should get you in the ballpark
There are a few areas you'll want to check out and I'll go into each of these in more detail:
General condition: we need to check for obvious abuse, etc
Shutter: we need to make sure it's operating at all speeds
Light meter: we need to make sure that it's accurate
Auto exposure: we need to make sure it's adjusting the shutter speed
Light seals and other foam: we need to check if they're in working condition
Depending on the camera you'll need to check one or more of these.
General Condition
There are few general things to look out for with a visual inspection:
Dirt: generally not an issue as it's easy enough to clean, but can be an indicator of neglect
Dents: depending on the severity this can mean internal damage to the camera
Fungus: take the lens off, check it for signs of fungus (look through it with a light behind) and also check inside the mirror box and inside the back door for fungus. It's possible to clean fungus but it often requires disassembly to do correctly
Corrosion: check the film rails aren't corroded. This can indicate corrosion elsewhere in the camera.
Prism: check for desilvering. This shows up as marks in the viewfinder that move relative to the focus screen. If you move your eye 30cm away from the viewfinder and can still clearly see them, it's desilvering. It can't be fixed without replacing the prism, but it doesn't affect the photos
Focus screen: Look through the viewfinder with the lens off and check for scratches and marks. This can't generally be fixed and would need replacing. This is easy on some cameras and hard on others.
Film counter: check it moves on when firing a few shots.
Winding: open the back and make sure the sprocket tooth gear turns when you wind on. Problems with winding can be hard to spot without running a film through the camera.
Rewinding: open the back, press in the rewind button and check the sprocket tooth gear moves freely and pops back out when you wind on again.
Self timer: If the camera is firing without issue, try the self timer. If it's not firing, using it can lock up the camera.
Shutter
Here's how I check a shutter for correct operation:
Run through all of the speeds.
The slow speeds should all complete without sticking
The clockwork mechanism should sound smooth and even
Check 1s against your watch. I often start counting the seconds, then press the shutter and see how it compares
As you work your way up from the slowest to the fastest speed, the sound should get accordingly faster. You can hear the difference down to about 1/30s. Faster than that it's better to take the lens off and look through the back towards the sky (see next step)
Check for shutter capping (where the closing curtain catches up the opening curtain)
Take the lens off and open the back
Look through from the back towards a bright thing (e.g. sky)
Fire the shutter
You should see an even frame of light. If it's dark at one side, the shutter is capping. You can still use the camera but avoid the high speeds
Light Meter
You need to make sure the light meter is giving you the correct guidance on which speed to use.
Download a free light meter app on your phone
Set the ASA to 100 (or at least make sure it matches the ASA on the app)
Point the camera at a bright evenly lit wall
Compare the speed on the camera with the speed on the app
Repeat for different brightnesses
Auto Exposure
This is the hardest to check yourself. Basically we'll just be checking that the electronics are adjusting the speed. You'll need to make sure the back is closed and the camera is wound on a few times because a lot of cameras don't work until you've wound on.
Put the lens on (if you don't have a lens, you can move the aperture follower yourself - the ring around the lens on Nikons, a small lever inside the lens mount on a lot of others)
Point at a bright light with the aperture widest and shoot. It should be quite a fast speed.
Cover the lens mostly with your hand and shoot again. It should be noticeably slower.
Uncover the lens, point at the bright light but set the lens to the smallest aperture and shoot. It should sound noticeably slower.
To accurately check auto exposure you need to either use a film or an expensive test machine.
Light seals and other foam
This is nice and easy to check (and to fix yourself, just check on Youtube).
Open the back door and look inside the grooves on the camera body. Does the foam look OK or is it sticky or crumbly? If it's sticky or crumbly you'll want to replace it
Take the lens off and check the foam where the mirror would hit the top of the mirror box. Is the foam still spongy or is it crumbly or sticky? If it's sticky or crumbly you'll want to replace it. It's worth not firing the camera too much if it's beginning to disintegrate because the foam pieces can get in the workings of the camera and cause a jam.
Once you've checked over all of these things, the best thing to do is to run a roll through the camera. It's best to treat this as a scientific experiment rather than your first opportunity to shoot some pictures with the camera. Make sure you expose a wide range of scenes of varying brightnesses and be very conscious about taking your time to make sure the focus in the viewfinder is spot on. You'll ideally be shooting something at every shutter speed, with a range of apertures. You can keep a note of what you did on each shot so you can identify if e.g. the fast speeds are running slow and overexposing. Although this still won't tell you if the camera is actually accurate because film has quite a wide latitude, it will tell you if it's usable enough to take photos that look good.
That's about it I think - if anyone has any other top tips put them in the comments and I'll update the post. I figure this is a useful post to point people to when they come asking how to check a camera is working.
Every day we see posts with the same basic problems on film, hopefully this can serve as a guide to the uninitiated of what to look for when diagnosing issues with your camera and film using examples from the community.
Index
Green Tint or Washed Out Scans
Orange or White Marks
Solid Black Marks
Black Regions with Some or No Detail
Lightning Marks
White or Light Green Lines
Thin Straight Lines
X-Ray Damage / Banding Larger than Sprocket Holes
Round Marks, Blobs and Splotches
1. Green Tint or Washed Out Scans
u/LaurenValley1234u/Karma_engineerguy
Issue: Underexposure
The green tinge usually comes from the scanner trying to show detail that isn't there. Remember, it is the lab's job to give you a usable image, you can still edit your photos digitally to make them look better.
Potential Causes: Toy/Disposable camera being used in inappropriate conditions, Faulty shutter, Faulty aperture, Incorrect ISO setting, Broken light meter, Scene with dynamic range greater than your film, Expired or heat damaged film, and other less common causes.
2. Orange or White Marks
u/Competitive_Spot3218u/ry_and_zoom
Issue: Light leaks
These marks mean that light has reached your film in an uncontrolled way. With standard colour negative film, an orange mark typically comes from behind the film and a white come comes from the front.
Portential Causes: Decayed light seals, Cracks on the camera body, Damaged shutter blades/curtains, Improper film handling, Opening the back of the camera before rewinding into the canister, Fat-rolling on medium format, Light-piping on film with a transparent base, and other less common causes.
3. Solid Black Marks
u/MountainIce69u/Claverhu/Sandman_Rex
Issue: Shutter capping
These marks appear because the two curtains of the camera shutter are overlapping when they should be letting light through. This is most likely to happen at faster shutter speeds (1/1000s and up).
Potential Causes: Camera in need of service, Shutter curtains out of sync.
4. Black Regions with Some or No Detail
u/Claverhu/veritas247
Issue: Flash desync
Cause: Using a flash at a non-synced shutter speed (typically faster than 1/60s)
5. Lightning Marks
u/Fine_Sale7051u/toggjones
Issue: Static Discharge
These marks are most common on cinema films with no remjet, such as Cinestill 800T
Potential Causes: Rewinding too fast, Automatic film advance too fast, Too much friction between the film and the felt mouth of the canister.
6. White or Light Green Lines
u/f5122u/you_crazy_diamond_
Issue: Stress marks
These appear when the base of the film has been stretched more than its elastic limit
Potential Causes: Rewinding backwards, Winding too hard at the end of a roll, Forgetting to press the rewind release button, Stuck sprocket.
7. Thin Straight Lines
u/StudioGuyDudeManu/Tyerson
Issue: Scratches
These happen when your film runs against dirt or grit.
Potential Causes: Dirt on the canister lip, Dirt on the pressure plate, Dirt on rollers, Squeegee dragging dirt during processing, and other less common causes.
8. X-Ray Damage / Banding Larger than Sprocket Holes
Noticeable X-Ray damage is very rare and typically causes slight fogging of the negative or colour casts, resulting in slightly lower contrast. However, with higher ISO films as well as new stronger CT scanning machines it is still recommended to ask for a hand inspection of your film at airport security/TSA.
9. Round Marks, Blobs and Splotches
u/elcantou/thefar9
Issue: Chemicals not reaching the emulsion
This is most common with beginners developing their own film for the first time and not loading the reels correctly. If the film is touching itself or the walls of the developing tank the developer and fixer cannot reach it properly and will leave these marks. Once the film is removed from the tank this becomes unrepairable.
Please let me know if I missed any other common issues. And if, after reading this, you still need to make a post asking to find out what went wrong please make sure to include a backlit image of your physical negatives. Not just scans from your lab.
EDIT: Added the most requested X-ray damage and the most common beginner developing mistake besides incomplete fixing. This post has reached the image limit but I believe it covers the most common beginner errors and encounters!
Found it while thrifting after quickly doing a physical inspection… Picking up the power cord tomorrow.
In the mean time, I am curious if anyone has recommendations or advice when it comes to using this scanner. I primarily shoot B&W in both 120 and 35mm.
Hello film shooters! Almost finishing my own DIY Lightmeter project started a few weeks ago based on ESP32 microcontroller and Lux sensor, it reproduced exact exposure as a lightmeter app, The reason for building this project is cost effective and hassle free lightmeter for everyday film shoot.
Key features:
*Aperture priority Mode
*Shutter priority Mode
*True battery indicator
*Auto exposure adjustment depending on Aperture mode/Shutter mode/ISO
So i recently posted a question whether should i do a video for my tiktok account, as i was scared to take videos of myself. I can admit it was fun and nice experience and i think i wanna continue, i watch other people and try to take their ideas as well to put something my own. I have a few more ideas of what next to post. What yall think?
I recently had the idea to force two AF-1 cameras to only read as a certain iso by taping aluminum foil to the dx pins in the camera (I used gaffers tape to block the correct pins).
I shoot a lot of concert photos in mosh pits and having to modify each cartridge was a huge pain, so this year before a festival I modded two cameras, one to iso 800 and one to iso 1600. This worked so well I modded two more! I left one unmodified incase I need it that way. Now I just grab a camera for the iso I need to shoot at.
It’s far less convenient than being able to set the iso on the camera itself but most venues don’t let in cameras with detachable lenses so this works for me!
I have thought about it for years, but it seemed daunting, and expensive, and labor intensive. I finally dug into it on a whim two weeks ago, scratched my thrifty itch with a Kodak Ektar H35 half frame camera, and then discovered the simplicity of Cinestill DF96 developer plus fix. I already have a sous vide, so that got me right to temperature. I assumed my first few rolls would be sacrifices to the learning curve, but if I ignore the lousy exposures that were my and/or the camera’s fault, I’m super tickled with the results.
Title says it all really. Recently started shooting film on a 36-year-old Fuji CARDIA Mini Dual P. I know nothing about shooting film or photography in general but thought it might make my photos on my Japan trip look cool.
Anyway, I picked up the camera for quite cheap off eBay and shot a roll roll of film as a test before I went away and had no issues at all.
After shooting three rolls in Japan, however I noticed some strange marks on the frame that always occurred in the exact same place which I deduced to be a light leak. It occurred in around one third of the photos taken with varying severity but always in the same location.
I tried to fix the light leak after buying some 1 mm thick foam and filling where I thought I needed to however after taking the camera to Prague this last week I’ve noticed that the problem seems to have gotten worse and more consistent.
I guess the problem is I can’t really find any manuals or anything about this camera and so I’m trying to fill any sort of hole I can with foam and I don’t really have any experience or knowledge on the matter. I was wondering if anyone out there had the same camera or could give me some general advice on fixing light leaks or maybe this isn’t even a light leak at all?
First picture is before repair, second is after my first repair and third is what I’ve done today. Rest are some shots from Japan and Prague for context.
Hi, this is my first roll ever. The photos seem to me dull and not sharp enough. I also feel the colors aren’t vibrant enough. I used ultramax 400 with a zenith 12 xp equipped with its standard helios 44.
Can u help me get better? Is it an exposure problem because i used light me app for measurements?
I can’t figure out if the shutter works. I found it at the flea market. Not sure how this camera works if any of you can point me in the right direction. Is it worth trying to restore to working condition? Even if not I think it’s a pretty cool shelf piece for $10.
I am using a Canon AE-1. I genuinely don't know how these double exposures happened. I thought this camera model wouldn't let me fire the shutter button twice in a row without winding to the next frame? I've not had these issues before with this camera, and these two were the only examples of it.
How can I prevent this in the future?
Film was Portra 400.
I am trying to buy a roll of Agfapan 1000 film from Tori but am not a Finnish citizen. Are there other ways to contact the seller? Or does anyone have Agfapan 1000 lying around they are willing to sell? Appreciate any help or advice. Based in Australia.
No pictures yet but excited to try this one out. Kodak Medalist ii with a 44mm to 49mm step up, black promist 1/4 and a x0.78nisi wide conversion lens i use on my ricoh griiix.
All in all the focal length in 35mm terms comes out to 33.54mm!
Saw this at the pawn shop for what basically converts to $5. Lady couldn’t be bothered said it ‘probably doesn’t work’.
Well I got some bats in and a film roll loaded and so far so good! I have my Sigma 50mm art on her so we’re about to find out 🫡 in two weeks when the film develops
And it works! Shutter speeds are all over the place, but they all fire, the curtain appears to be light-tight, and the mirror flips like it’s supposed to. Big ding in the filter ring of the lens, but it’s a Tessar!
Found this camera stand on facebook marketplace for $350. It’s a Manfrotto Mini Salon 190, they retail for $1700. It’s definitely been used a lot, but it works perfectly and I’ve wanted one for years. The previous owner said she traveled with 3 of these, doing school portraits. Traveling with a camera stand seems wild to me, they’re meant for studios. It’s 6’ tall, weighs at least 75lbs, and is incredibly unwieldy. Just getting it home was quite the task. She modified it a bit, there’s a removable caster for the top, so it can roll around horizontally.
I had the 3-way head already. The camera stand came with a smaller manfrotto 3-way head, but it used a different quick release plate than I have for all my cameras, so I sold it.
I put my 8x10 B&J on it to test it out with some weight. The camera was old army surplus and had several layers of grey lead paint on it. I stripped it and refinished it about 20 years ago, and put new red bellows on it too. I regret not taking before and during photos, it was in rough shape and the restoration took me about a month. There’s a lot of blood, sweat, and tears in that camera. I love it.
I’m so excited to use my new (to me) camera stand, my home studio is almost complete. Just have to finish painting the walls white and hang my seamless backdrop wall mounts.
Picked up a Konica Minolta DiMAGE Scan Dual IV, but it came without the 35mm strip holder (FH-U1). Originals are getting hard to find, so I spent a few weeks designing and 3D printing a replacement in matte PETG.
It took several versions to get right. A few things I learned along the way, in case they help anyone with one of these scanners:
- Emulsion side DOWN on the Dual IV (manual p.18). I first followed a guide for an older model, loaded it emulsion up, and every scan came out mirrored 🙃
- Frame spacing has to be 38.0 mm. At 37.9 mm the frames slowly drift off-centre by frame 6.
- The scanner pulls the holder in with a small gear rack along one edge. If the teeth are even slightly off, it stutters or refuses to load.
- Matte filament is noticeably better than glossy. Fewer reflections near the frame edges.
The final version has a lift-off lid that hooks into a hinge, a wide flared opening so the strip slides in flat from the end, frame numbers 1–6, and small bumps along the edges that hold the lid down without magnets.
Last photo is a scan straight from it, no cropping.
If anyone has a Dual II/III/IV sitting unused because the holder went missing, or has questions about loading film in these, happy to help in the comments.
Ive been "working" at a local film shop and since i already enjoy old soviet cameras i was able to snag these two for nothing. Well the zorki was more like "fix it so it all works and its yours" which i did and also got a pic taken during that
They did surgery on a zorki-4
Ive already passed 2 rolls trough the zorki and working on a third. Fed is still waiting on being used
I recently bought some AN glass to better flatten my 120 film for dslr scanning. The glass is from Kaiser Fototechnik #4433 and it contains 2 planes of glass, one of which has one side with an AN finish. I've sandwiched the film as shown in image 4, where no two smooth surfaces touch. But I'm still getting these rings. Does anyone have an idea what could be happening? I've already double-checked that the glass is oriented correctly according to the diagram.
Last week I recommended “Way Beyond Monochrome“ and I was happy to see many of you ordered it.
This week I’d like to recommend “Magnum Contact Sheets), a book that’s not only a great joy to read but also an important tutorial that we can all benefit from! (524 pages)
The great photographers from Herni Cartier-Bresson to Robert Capa to Elliott Erwitt show us not only great composition but exactly how they ”work” a scene. Higher, lower, closer, etc until the final negative is selected. It’s difficult to express what a benefit this is for our own work in the darkroom without seeing it for yourself.
And a great story about each artist. Over 440 stories including why some photographers lit their negatives on fire because they felt that the print was the ultimate conclusion of their work or how Robert Capa’s film roll of the landing on the beach on D-Day was ruined except one exposure, his most famous one.
The 2017 published version was it. It’s now out of print so there are only so many copies.