r/selfimprovement • u/Prodesse1994 • 59m ago
Tips and Tricks The book that fully healed my depression: Feeling Good by David Burns. Here’s my summary
Introduction
A cognition is a thought or perception, and it affects your feelings.
There is nothing good or bad, but thinking makes it so.
Our genes, hormones, and childhood experiences do have an impact on how we think and feel.
Cognitive therapy seems to be the most effective psychotherapy for depression.
You can defeat depression by changing the negative thinking patterns that cause it.
Theory and Research
A Breakthrough in the Treatment of Mood Disorders
The mood-control techniques provide rapid symptomatic improvement, understanding (a clear explanation of why you get moody and what you can do to change it), self-control, and prevention and personal growth.
When you feel depressed, most of your thoughts are dominated by pervasive negativity.
Your emotional turmoil nearly always contains gross distortions.
You must have a persistent willingness to exert some effort to help yourself.
How to Diagnose Your Moods: The First Step in the Cure
Rate each symptom from 0 to 4: not at all, somewhat, moderately, a lot, extremely.
Feeling sad or down in the dumps: 1
Feeling unhappy: 1
Crying spells or tearfulness: 0
Feeling discouraged: 1
Feeling hopeless: 1
Low self-esteem: 1
Feeling worthless or inadequate: 1
Guilt or shame: 1
Criticizing or blaming yourself: 1
Difficulty making decisions: 0
Loss of interest in family, friends, or colleagues: 0
Loneliness: 0
Spending less time with family or friends: 0
Loss of interest in work or other activities: 0
Avoiding work or other activities: 0
Loss of pleasure and satisfaction: 1
Feeling tired: 2
Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much: 1
Decreased or increased appetite: 0
Loss of interest in sex: 0
Worrying about your health: 0
Suicidal thoughts: 0
Wanting to end your life: 0
Having a plan for harming yourself: 0
Scoring: 0-5 is no depression. 6-10 is normal, but unhappy. 11-25 is mild depression. 26-50 is moderate depression. 51-75 is severe depression. 76-100 is extreme depression.
Understanding Your Moods: You Feel the Way You Think
Illogical, pessimistic attitudes play a central role in the development of your symptoms.
When you are depressed, you can believe, and get others around you to believe, things that have no basis in reality.
Definitions of cognitive distortions
All-or-nothing thinking: You tend to evaluate your personal qualities in extremes, black-or-white and perfectionistic. A straight-A student receives a B on an exam and concludes, "Now I'm a total failure." Absolutes do not exist in this world.
Overgeneralization: You conclude that one thing that happened to you will occur over and over again. After being rejected by a girl, you conclude, "No girl will ever want to date me."
Mental filter: You pick out the negative in a situation and dwell on it exclusively, thus perceiving the whole situation negatively. A person says something bad about you, and you decide people are cruel and fake, forgetting that people have been friendly to you for the previous two years.
Disqualifying the positive: You transform neutral or positive experiences into negative ones.
Jumping to conclusions: You jump to a negative conclusion that is not justified by the facts of the situation.
Mind reading: You assume that other people look down on you, and you do not bother to check. You may respond to these imagined negative reactions by withdrawing or counterattacking.
The fortune-teller error: You have a crystal ball that foretells only misery for you. You treat the idea that something bad is going to happen as a fact, though it is unrealistic.
Magnification/minimization: You exaggerate the importance of things: "Damn, everything will go to hell, my reputation is ruined." You magnify your imperfections and minimize your strengths.
Emotional reasoning: You take your emotions as evidence for the truth. "I feel inadequate, therefore I'm worthless." "I feel tired, therefore I will skip the gym." Because things feel negative, you assume they are. It doesn't occur to you to question the validity of the perceptions that create your feelings. You were fooling yourself all along by letting your emotions guide the way you act.
Should statements: You try to motivate yourself by saying "I should" and "I must." You feel pressured and resentful. You must change your expectations to approximate reality.
Labeling/mislabeling: "I'm a failure" instead of "I made a mistake." Your self cannot be equated with anything you do.
Personalization: The mother of guilt. You assume responsibility for a negative event when there is no basis for doing so. A child starts taking drugs, and you think, "I'm a horrible parent, it is only my fault that this happened, I should be ashamed of myself and never have kids."
Practical Applications
Start by Building Self-Esteem
80% of depressed patients said they felt self-dislike.
The depressed self-image can be characterized by the four Ds: defeated, defective, deserted, and deprived.
You cannot earn worth through what you do. Achievements bring satisfaction, but not happiness.
Look closely at what you say about yourself when you insist you are no good. The evidence you present in defense of your worthlessness makes no sense.
Specific methods for boosting self-esteem
Talk back to the internal critic. Train yourself to recognize and write down the self-defeating thoughts as they go through your mind. Learn why these thoughts are distorted and develop a more realistic self-evaluation system.
Example: A potential customer hangs up on you and swears at you when you try to sell insurance. Emotions: sad (50%) and angry (70%). Automatic thoughts: "I will never sell a policy again." "I would like to hurt him." "I must have said the wrong thing." Cognitive distortions: overgeneralization, magnification, labeling, jumping to conclusions, and personalization. Rational response: "I've sold a lot of policies. He acted like a pain in the butt. Why let this bother me?"
Mental biofeedback: Use a counter and count each time you have a negative thought.
Cope, don't mope: To get well, you must realize that your negative statements are unrealistic and incorrect.
Do Nothingism: How to Beat It
You can change how you feel by the way you act.
Mindsets of procrastinators
Hopelessness: Everything feels pointless, and your motivation is at zero at the moment.
Helplessness: You believe things are the way they are because of things outside your control, so you do not bother to do anything.
Overwhelming yourself: You magnify a task.
Jumping to conclusions.
Self-labeling: The more you procrastinate, the more you label yourself as inferior.
Undervaluing the rewards: You feel the rewards are not worth the effort.
Perfectionism: You set inappropriate goals, which leads to disappointment, and you end up doing nothing instead.
Fear of failure: You imagine that putting in the effort and not succeeding would be a huge personal defeat, which is why you refuse to try at all.
Fear of success: You are afraid of the expectations that come with it and fear you will be unable to meet them.
Fear of disapproval and criticism: You fear that people won't accept you, so you adopt as low a profile as possible.
Coercion and resentment: You feel under intense pressure to perform, both from outside and from within. When you do not perform what you say you must or should, you feel even worse.
Low frustration tolerance: You believe things should be easy and that you are entitled to that. As soon as obstacles come your way, you quit rather than persisting patiently.
Guilt and self-blame.
The Daily Activity Schedule
The schedule has a prospective column and a retrospective column. 8-9: yoga and eat breakfast (succeeded). 9-10: focused work (failed).
Anti-procrastination sheet
Activity: invest money in bitcoin. Predicted difficulty: 10. Actual difficulty: 7. Actual satisfaction: 8.
Daily record of dysfunctional thoughts
If you try to figure out your thoughts in your head, you will get nowhere because thoughts are complex.
When you write them down, they become exposed to the light of reason.
You are the only person in the world who can persecute yourself.
How to get off your butt: the "but" rebuttal
"I really should exercise, but I'm not in the mood." Rebuttal: "I will feel more like it once I start."
Learn to endorse yourself.
Motivation without coercion: stop saying you must, should, or ought.
List the disadvantages and advantages of your habit (for example, eating junk food).
Visualize success.
Verbal Judo: Learn to Talk Back When You Are Under the Fire of Criticism
The sense of worthlessness comes from the internal critical conversation in your mind, which harangues and persecutes you in a harsh and unrealistic manner.
Only one person in this world has the power to put you down, and that is you.
If someone is wrong, do not bother. If someone is right, do not expect perfection from yourself. Instead, focus on whatever steps are needed to correct it.
What can you say when someone is attacking you, and how can you handle it in a way that enhances your sense of mastery and confidence?
Empathy: The motives might be to help or to hurt you. Ask questions to understand exactly what the person means. Listen to understand the situation as the other person sees it.
Disarming the critic: Stand back and shoot back, run away, or stay put and skillfully disarm your opponent. Find a way to agree.
Feedback and negotiation: Now it is time to explain your position and emotions tactfully but assertively. Base the conflict on facts.
When someone criticizes you, you usually go the mad, sad, or glad route.
Feeling Angry? What Is Your IQ?
The real solution is to stop creating your anger.
The pain and suffering anger causes you may far exceed the impact of the original insult.
The perception of unfairness is the ultimate cause of anger.
Moral statements and judgments about fairness are stipulations, not objective facts.
We all think differently, and there is no universally accepted truth.
The irony of anger is that it never works in changing others.
When to be angry, questions to ask: Is my anger directed toward someone who has knowingly, intentionally, and unnecessarily acted in a hurtful manner? Is my anger useful? Does it help me achieve a desired goal, or does it defeat me?
You are making yourself hurt.
Rewrite your rules.
Paradoxically, as you expect less, you get more.
Should reduction is key.
Accurate empathy: comprehend the thoughts and motivations of other people. "Yes, that is exactly where I'm coming from."
Ways of Defeating Guilt
Use these criteria to determine whether your interpretation of guilt is healthy and normal:
Did I consciously and willfully do something bad or unfair that I shouldn't have? Or am I irrationally expecting myself to be perfect, all-knowing, and all-powerful?
Am I labeling myself as a bad person because of this action? Do my thoughts contain cognitive distortions?
Am I feeling realistic regret or remorse? Are the intensity and duration of my emotional response realistic given what I actually did?
Am I learning from my error and developing a strategy to change, or am I moping, ruminating unproductively, or even punishing myself in a destructive manner?
Who says I should? Where is it written that I should?
You can either accept yourself as an imperfect human being with limited knowledge and realize that you will make mistakes, or you can hate yourself for it.
You must learn to stick to your guns.
Realistic Depressions
Sadness Is Not Depression
Sadness is a normal emotion created by realistic perceptions that describe a negative event involving loss or disappointment in an undistorted way.
Prevention and Personal Growth
The Cause of It All
Getting better implies the following:
Understanding why you got depressed.
Knowing why and how to get better, and mastering the self-help techniques that worked for you.
Acquiring self-confidence and self-esteem. Confidence is knowing that you will be successful in a chosen career and in personal relationships. Self-esteem is the capacity to experience full love whether or not you are successful at any given point in your life.
Locating the deeper cause of your depression.
The Approval Addiction
The price you pay for an addiction to praise is extreme vulnerability to the opinions of others.
If someone disapproves of you, it's their problem. It often reflects the other person's irrational beliefs.
The approval addiction may lie in your interactions with people who were important to you as a child.
The Love Addiction
The demand and need for love before you can feel happy is called dependency. You are unable to assume responsibility for your emotional life.
People who find happiness within themselves become like magnets, since they radiate joy and peace.
Your Work Is Not Your Worth
Treat yourself like a beloved friend.
Dare to Be Average: Ways to Overcome Perfectionism
Perfection is man's ultimate illusion.
You can always find things to improve upon, and if you require perfection from yourself, you will always be one step behind and feel a sense of lack.
What am I afraid of?
What is the worst that could happen?
Will the world come to an end if I make mistakes?
Focus more on the things you do right.
You will and should make mistakes since you are a human being. What can I learn from my mistakes?