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I published this analysis in The Business Times on the implications of battery supply-chain concentration for Southeast Asia's energy security.

The focus is on the distinction between access to raw materials and access to the industrial capacity needed for battery production, including refining, cathode materials and cell manufacturing.

As ASEAN countries expand battery storage and integrate more renewable electricity into their power systems, procurement decisions, supplier diversification and regional coordination will increasingly shape their exposure to supply-chain disruptions.

The link provides complimentary access to the full article.