1. The 1995 Quebec Referendum ends in Quebec gaining independence from Canada, Labrador is retained by Quebec while Quebec surrenders lands to the rest of Canada to allow them access to the Maritime provinces.
2. Russia never sold Alaska to the United States. During the Russian Revolution, the United States, Canada, and Japan intervened in the Russian Far East assisting in the Establishment of Far Eastern Republic which would resist the Russian Empire’s attempts to reestablish control. Reformed in the 1930s as the Republic of Beringia and it became a haven for Russian dissidents fleeing the Russian Empire and a location of many exiles from the Russian Revolution.
3. The United States does not gain Washington in the Oregon Boundary Dispute. American expansionists interpret the Monroe Doctrine to mean that the United States should only expand in the Americas. This leads to the United States annexing Much more land from Mexico after the Mexican American War in a desire to offset the loss of the Oregon territory. The United States would continue to press its expansionist policy through the direct annexation of Cuba after the Spanish American War, the annexation of Panama in 1902, and the Annexation of the Yucatan Peninsula in 1919 after the Second Mexican American War of 1917-1919.
4. The Haitian Empire established by Dessalines survives to the modern day and invades Santo Domingo, forcing the population there into plantation slavery, making Haiti a pariah state until it ends the practice in the 1930s.
5. The Central American Federation never dissolves, Britain retains the Miskito Coast, maintaining one of the only Native American kingdoms in the New World.
6. Gran Colombia never breaks apart, thereby remaining a great power in the New World, one that rivals Brazil. Speaking of Brazil, they never end their monarchy and they maintain their control over Uruguay.
7. Chile fails in the War of the Pacific to conquer the Atacama Desert, leaving Bolivia with access to the sea and the strengthening of the Bolivian economy at the cost of Chile.
8. Paraguay successfully maintains their claimed lands under the dictatorship of President Lopez, playing off the Argentines and Brazilians against one another.
9. The Patagonian native Americans unite, gaining international recognition and aid from the British Empire, leading to their independence being maintained as the Republic of Patagonia.
10. The Boer States beat off the British and retain their independence, later merging to create the larger Orange Free State while Boer and British settlers colonize the lands north of OFS and create Rhodesia as another Boer styled state of White run African countries.
11. Portugal succeeds in pursuing the Pink Map design in creating a corridor between Portuguese East and West Africa. Portugal adopts a Far Right government in response to the Spanish Far Left government, leading to Portugal investing more heavily into Africa and the Boer States to help them maintain their African colonies.
12. Katanga is separated from the Kongo to be made into a Portuguese Client State.
13. The Ancient Kingdom of the Kongo is maintained by the Portuguese. Belgium invests in the Kingdom and assists the kings in expanding deeper into Africa in return for a share of the wealth. However, word of the African atrocities towards fellow Africans in the search for Rubber leads to intervention with Belgian and Portuguese troops helping to maintain order in the kingdom well into the 20th century.
14. The Central African Empire somehow actually does imperial things by expanding north, south, east, and west, establishing a truly impressive empire.
15. The Nigerian civil war ends in the independence of Biafra thanks to British aid.
16. Sierra Leone and Liberia merge into a single state as both are founded as stations for liberated slaves. This becomes the African Free State and succeeds in inducing many former slaves from the United States of the British Empire in coming to the country. However, in the AFS the westernized Africans establish their own form of plantation slavery.
17. The Abyssinian Empire rebounds against the Italian invasion of 1895 and captures Eritrea. During the decolonization that occurs during the 1980s the Abyssinian Empire quickly invades and annexes Djibouti and Somaliland.
18. Egypt retains its monarchy and control over Sudan, continuing to receive support and aid from the British and French Empires in return for continued British and French control over the Suez Canal and the continued control of the Sinai by Israel.
19. France maintains control over Algeria and increases its settler population and control through large and sometime forced missionary work. France organizes its former West African colonies into the West African Confederation which remains dependent on the French monetary system.
20. Italy successfully takes Tunisia before France can and expands into Libya at the expense of the Turks. Italy maintains its colony of Somalia as the only other African colony controlled by Italy. Italy colonizes all its African territories with large quantities of settlers who significantly outnumber the natives in the coastal regions of Libya, Tunisia, and Somalia.
21. Spain experiences a civil war in 1933, leading to the collapse of the remaining Spanish colonies around the world with France annexing Western Sahara, Portugal annexing Equatorial Guinea, and Japan annexing Guam and the Philippines. Spain adopts a communist government while Catalonia gains independence with a separate socialist government.
22. The Second French Empire of Napoleon III is restored after the French Commune rebellion, leading to a very reactionary government forming. The French Empire struggled to maintain its colonies after the First World War and eventually lost their colonies to nations like Ethiopia or Japan. During the 1970s and 1980s the French Empire was forced to give independence to large swathes of their African territories for economic reasons, however they maintain their control over Madagascar, Gabon, Lebanon, and minor lands in the Americans and Oceania. Belgium and Luxembourg remain a single country.
23. The British Empire never executes the rebel leaders of the Easter Rising, leading to a peaceful establishment of the Dominion of Ireland. The British Empire is reorganized in the 1930s as the Imperial Federation, keeping the British Empire relevant into the modern age. With East Africa, South Africa, Malaysia, Ceylon, Arabia, Ghana, Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland all being made into dominions.
24. Due to there being no World War Two, Iceland is never occupied by the British and Americans and remains a part of the Danish North Atlantic Colonial Empire.
25. Norway and Sweden never separate in the early 20th century, maintaining the Kingdom of Sweden-Norway.
26. Finland stays with the Russian Empire as the Personal Union of the Russian Tsar does not end due to the victory of the White Russians and the survival of the Russian Tsar.
27. Germany does not sign the Armistice, hoping instead that the Mexican Invasion of America would delay the American arrival onto the Western Front. They continue to fight on until the Allied powers invade Germany itself. This leads to Germany being dismantled, With France annexing the Saarland, Belgium annexing more lands than historically, and Southern Germany is broken off from the German Empire. Denmark annexes more lands from Germany, and Poland annexes more lands from Germany.
28. The Austrian Empire is dismantled after the First World War; however the Southern German States of Bavaria and Baden-Wurttemberg join with Austria to form the South German Confederation. In the 1950s Switzerland and Liechtenstein join the confederation.
29. Hungary is treated less harshly by the treaty of Trianon, leaving them in control of much more territory.
30. Bulgaria never declares war on Serbia after the First Balkans war and maintains their gains from the First Balkans War.
31. The Kingdom of Greece never falls, Greece succeeds in defeating the Turks under Ataturk and annexes Thrace and Smyrna. Later in the 1960s the British Empire gives Cyprus to Greece.
32. After the Russian Civil War ends with an Imperial victory, the Russian Empire demands that they be compensated for their efforts against the Germans. However, the Western Allies cannot return the lost Baltics or Poland or Caucasus to Russia, so they give them Constantinople instead as a territory, fulfilling the historical Russian dream of a warm water port to the Mediterranean and control over the heart of Orthodox Christianity.
33. The Turkish War of Independence fails, Turkey is made into a rump state which continually suffers from socialist, fascist, and Islamist coups and counter coups.
34. Yugoslavia maintains its monarchy into the modern day, helping to ensure the internal stability of Yugoslavia.
35. Italy remains a kingdom and colonizes Albania. They still become Fascist after the First World War, but focus on the increased settlement and assimilation of North Africa into the wider Italian Empire. Slowly the country begins to become more traditional in its culture, thanks to the influence of the Papacy which maintains a significant influence in government due to French Imperial aid when the Papal States were annexed in 1870. By the modern age separate political parties are once more legal and the country remains highly religious alongside their French allies.
36. Poland gains more of Silesia and all of Danzig after the First World War. They fight several wars with the Russians who attempt to regain the country but fail. Poland becomes the bulwark against Russian Imperial Revanchism and is widely supplied by the Western powers.
37. The Baltic States are organized by the Germans in 1918 and into 1919 as a Grand Duchy, ruled by a German monarch. Despite the German defeat, the Grand Duchy remains due to fears of a Russian invasion and the allies believe that maintaining a single unified country would better protect the region.
38. The Caucasus revolts against Russia during the Russian Revolution. Georgia and Azerbaijan gain independence. Armenia invades Turkey and Kurdistan also gains independence from their former Ottoman oppressors.
39. Israel is established as an independent state in the late 1930s. The British Empire maintains control over the city of Jerusalem in return for Israel maintaining control over the Sinai Peninsula. Israel swells in population due to Jewish immigration from Poland, Germany, Hungary, Russia, Romania, and Bulgaria.
40. The Arabs at the end of the Arab Revolt against the Ottomans are given control over a Great United Arab Kingdom ruled by the Hashemite Dynasty.
41. Oman and Aden remain British colonies and are populated by British loyalists from India, mostly supplanting the native Arabs.
42. The Trucial States unite as a single nation after gaining independence from the British Empire in the 1980s. They form an Alliance with the Hashemites to stave off Saudi desires to create a new Caliphate.
43. Zoroastrianism never dies in Iran and makes a comeback in the Iranian Intermezzo from the 9th to 11th centuries. This dramatically slows the expansion of Islam Eastward and leads to the creation of a Zoroastrian Persian Empire in the modern day.
44. Baluchistan gains independence from the Persian Empire and British Raj
45. Afghanistan never becomes majority Muslim and is instead a dramatic mix of Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist, Jewish, Zoroastrian, Manicheism, and Nestorianism religious communities united under a Zoroastrian monarchy, they are closely aligned with Persia.
46. The Russian monarchy is not destroyed and the tsar survives the revolution, allowing for the White movement to centralize and defeat the communists. The Russian Empire lives on unto the modern day as a growing world power.
47. Central Asia never becomes majority Muslim with large Nestorian and Manichean populations existing, helping Russia in slowly assimilating much of the remaining population to Russian Orthodoxy.
48. Mongolia remains a kingdom and is assisted by rogue Russian white officers in conquering much of Inner Mongolia, vastly increasing the Mongol population base.
49. India assists Tibet in maintaining their independence from the Nationalist Chinese, creating a substantial buffer state between the two rival powers.
50. Britain and India created a buffer state between India and China in the form of the Republic of Greater Assam, made up of large quantities of Hindus, Christians, and Buddhists. Further buffer states were established between China and India in the Shan state and Sikkim Kingdom.
51. India gained independence from Britain after a bloody revolution and overthrow of the British Raj in the 1950s, leading to the ending of British relations with the Indian government. The Indian Government went down a dark path under the Hindutva party which has similar elements to Nazism in our timeline. The many religious minorities in India are oppressed by the massive Hindu Majority.
52. Thailand joins the Japanese and Indian Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere and assists the Japanese in their invasion of French Indochina in the late 1940s with Thailand forming the third main member of the Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere after India joined in the 1960s.
53. Chiang Kai-shek is able to more easily defeat the Chinese communists due to the lack of a soviet union to aid them. However, the Japanese are able to play the warlords off against one another. China is finally unified by Chiang in the late 1940s only after losing Hainan to Japanese invasion. China is now rapidly ramping up its economy and military with a slower industrialization that China in our age, but with much less damage to the economic, political, religious, and cultural nature of China. China is encircled by enemies in the form of the Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere and is increasingly allied with the Russian Empire, leading to a growth of Russian Orthodoxy in China due to the increasingly strong relations between the two.
54. Japan intervenes in the Russian Revolution and establishes the Republic of Amur. They then invade Manchuria in 1931. The Japanese government is able to reign in the Japanese military, preventing further escalation with China. Eventually the Japanese begin a mass settler movement into Manchuria and the Amur Republic. These are later merged into the Greater Japanese Empire and Japan forms the Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere that includes Japan and its Empire, India, Thailand, Tibet, Burma, Sumatra, and Java. Japan maintains its traditional culture due to not being invaded and reordered by the United States.
55. Japan annexes Hainan in the late 1930s and later French Indochina in the late 1940s with the Japanese military also invading Spanish Philippines and Guam in 1933 after a communist revolution in Spain overthrows the government.
56. The Dutch spend twenty years trying to defeat the Indonesian Revolutionary Army. In the 1960s the Dutch finally give up but work to break up the Archipelago into eight separate nations in order to prevent the rise of a regional power that could threaten other powers in the area.
57. The British successfully aid the Hawaiian Kingdom in resisting the advances of the United States and the island nation is able to maintain its independence with massive amounts of investment from the British Empire and the Japanese Empire. The lack of any territory in the Pacific makes the United States disinterested in the Pacific region, allowing for the expansion of the Japanese Empire at the expense of nations like China, Russia, Spain, and France.