r/endangeredlanguages • • Oct 19 '24

News/Articles Kawésqar Language (A Linguist's Race to Save It from Extinction)

26 Upvotes

Kawésqar is a language spoken by only 8 people in the world. This language is spoken in southern Chile by the Kawésqar people. This nomadic group spent much of the day canoeing through the fjords and southern channels. Kawésqar, like many other indigenous languages, is considered an "isolated" or "unclassified" language. That is, it is not part of a linguistic family nor does it have links with any other living language (such as, for example, Spanish, which derives from Latin and is part of the Romance languages). This language has "words or phrases" that cannot be translated with just one word in Spanish. In Kawésqar we have words like jerkiár-atǽl, a verb that means 'the movement that the sea makes of ebb and flow'", explains Oscar Aguilera to BBC Mundo. Chilean linguist Oscar Aguilera, 72, has been trying to save this language for almost 50 years, recording its vocabulary, recording audio files for hours and documenting the lexicon. He is the author of a grammar of the Kawesqar language, of a Kawesqar-Spanish and Spanish-Kawesqar dictionary, as well as numerous articles published in various magazines, which give an account of various interesting aspects of this language. However, the linguist believes that there is still much to be done. Being spoken by only eight people, it is among the languages ​​that UNESCO considers to be in grave danger of extinction. Four of them are elderly. Three were born in the 1960s – the last generation to acquire the language from childhood – and only one, who does not belong to the ethnic group, speaks it: Oscar Aguilera. “Behind languages ​​there is a great deal of knowledge and that is why they must be preserved, because they contain unique information about the environment in which the people who speak them live,” says Oscar. Now there is another person who is not from the community interested in learning its grammar: the Chilean president's partner, first lady Irina Karamanos. Looking to the future of the language, Oscar Aguiler's hope lies in the first lady, Irina Karamanos. Perhaps his interest, Oscar says, will actually help revitalize the language of those he considers his true family. Some words in the Kawésqar language:

  • Sea lion → čekéja
  • Dog → kiúrro
  • House → At
  • One → tákso
  • Water → akčólai
  • Snow → asói
  • Canoe → kájef
  • Moon → arkaksélas
  • Whale → ápala
  • Sea → čams

Original BBC article on the Kawésqar language (you can use the translator to translate the page): https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-60377613

Kawésqar Dictionary: https://f.eruditor.link/file/2315984/grant/

Kawésqar alphabet: http://www.kawesqar.uchile.cl/lengua/alfabeto.html

Learning Kawésqar https://youtu.be/7M_BQHK3kks?si=q1UI0axMTu87pmH-


r/endangeredlanguages • • Sep 10 '26

Ever heard of the Moksha language? Here is a quick look at this unique Finno-Ugric tongue P.S. Do you like cats? We Mokshans do too.

58 Upvotes

We Mokshans have a rich tradition of proverbs, sayings, and poems dedicated to cats, our cute and fluffy companions. It turns out we have a deep love for them. In this video, I’ve shared a poem written for this fluffy friend. My channel is all about Finno-Ugric languages, and I’m sure you’ll find it fascinating. Check it out and subscribe!

Ever heard of the Moksha language? Here is a quick look at this unique Finno-Ugric code :-)

Where it’s spoken: Primarily in the Republic of Mordovia (inside the Russian Federation) and neighboring regions.

Number of speakers: Roughly 130,000 to 180,000 speakers (according to recent estimates). It is officially classified as an endangered language.

Family tree: It is a Finno-Ugric language belonging to the Mordvinic branch. It is a distant relative of Finnish, Estonian, and Hungarian.

How it sounds: Moksha has a very distinctive, rhythmic sound. Unlike its sister language Erzya, it does not have vowel harmony. Instead, it is characterized by strong stress on the first syllable and a lot of vowel reduction (schwa sounds), giving it a sharp, energetic, and slightly "clipped" phonetic quality.

Grammar power: It is an agglutinative language with 12 to 13 grammatical cases and a complex system of objective conjugation (where the verb ending shows both the subject and the object).

Want to hear it for yourself? Check out my video below!

https://youtu.be/QOWXJpAxev4?si=96wpcvGVD7PjttwB


r/endangeredlanguages • • 21h ago

Endangered language online dictionary?

12 Upvotes

Hello fellow enthusiasts! I was wondering if you know any endangered language project that already has a website running specifically for that language? In specific also an online dictionary version and further explications of the language and its preservation?

I am working on my own project and need some inspirations!

Thank you :)


r/endangeredlanguages • • 1d ago

Speakers of Elfdalian in Sweden, 2008

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36 Upvotes

Elfdalian, also known as Övdalian, is a Germanic language or dialect spoken in the municipality of Älvdalen in Sweden. Historically it has been considered a dialect of Swedish, but is mutually unintelligible with Swedish. It is considered a variety of Dalecarlian, a linguistic group consisting of varieties spoken in Dalarna in Sweden.

Elfdalian has remained more similar to Old Norse than the other Scandinavian languages descended from Norse, and the language was written in runes until the 20th century, with the last user dying in 1980. Today Elfdalian only has around 2000-3000 speakers and the language is at risk of dying out, though revitalisation efforts have been made.

Sources for the maps:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96vdalian#/media/File:%C3%84lvdalen_Municipality_in_Dalarna_County.png

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96vdalian#/media/File:Karta_%C3%B6ver_andel_talare_av_%C3%A4lvdalska_i_%C3%84lvdalens_socken.svg


r/endangeredlanguages • • 1d ago

NT elders fear Aboriginal languages are being lost, as communities band together to help save them

17 Upvotes

Four years ago, the United Nations issued a dire warning: Australia was one of dozens of countries facing a mass extinction event.

But it wasn't flora or fauna that was at risk of being lost — it was languages.

In the three years since, dozens of Australian Indigenous communities have fought back against that decline, working with archives and the knowledge of elders to revitalise their native languages. 

In northern Australia, a forum on language preservation was held, bringing together more than 50 Indigenous leaders from over 30 language groups.

The leaders developed a list of recommendations across a broad range of areas, including education and employment, to be finalised and presented to stakeholders in late August. 

For Rarrtjiwuy Herdman — one of the organisers of the Top End Langauges Forum — language preservation has been a lifelong passion.

She has been working to keep her native language of Dhaŋu alive, a Yolŋu language from north-east Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.

Ms Herdman said time was running out for some languages, with the passing of more Aboriginal clan elders in recent years.

"Our language is being lost."

The Yolŋu woman said in order to keep clan languages alive, they needed to be spoken at work, in the community and in schools.

"There's an assumption that all of our languages are equally being support[ed] across the Top End area," Ms Herdman said.

"Some of our languages are being supported in schools [and] in community … but a few of our languages are actually endangered."

While Ms Herdman is worried about languages becoming "extinct", she is also afraid the younger generation is becoming lost without their language.

"The sense of responsibility to continue our languages is something that our elders and leaders are worried about, and particularly for our clan languages," she said.

Turning around from the tipping point

In 2022, the United Nations launched the International Decade of Languages global action plan, in response to the thousands of international Indigenous languages it said were disappearing at "alarming rates".

At the time, a research paper led by the Australian National University found Australia had one of the worst records in the world for language loss. 

Four years on from the launch of the global action plan, AIATSIS Centre for Australian Languages director Lauren Reed said Australia was in a better position.

She said the Australian government had since "seen the real need to turn the tide on language loss" and set up a national policy partnership to address the issue. 

"There are signs of hope that have been growing since the beginning of [2022]," she said. 

Ms Reed said many Indigenous language speakers needed to feel their language was "relevant" to the Western world, including seeing it used in mainstream and social media.

She said she liked to think of out-of-use languages as "sleeping" rather than "extinct".

"If something is sleeping, it has the chance of reawakening,"

she said.

Full article: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-07-08/nt-elders-fear-loss-of-indigenous-languages-call-on-young-people/105387960


r/endangeredlanguages • • 1d ago

Indigenous Language Revitalization Work

11 Upvotes

We have been doing some pretty cool work that has impressive implications for saving languages around the world.

We took limited linguistic data on a language with fewer than 50 fluent speakers (1500 tribal members) and (with blessing of the community) built an AI system that lets us write lessons in the Yawanawá language.

After we build lessons (total 1200 initial sentences, which are quite complex based on the Native Tongues methodology) we then have all the sentences checked by both our linguist and the fluent speakers before being recorded remotely over Starlink from the Amazon Rainforest.

We can make lessons very quickly and can customize them to the needs of communities based on what they want to teach.

We can also:

Find gaps in the language data so that we can fill them.

Take handwritten documents and process them into the database to find missing words and grammar.

Deliver the materials in a state of the art app so the youth can use it on their own time.

And soon we will be able to process stories for deeper immersion once the initial sentence sequences are well understood.

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This method is based on a system which we use to teach people enough to start reading a new language in as little as one weekend.

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I believe that this system could be used to help communities revitalized thier languages around the world, and I see a very clear path to do that if we had ample resources.

However we have practically zero funding or way to support this project that we are pouring hundreds of hours into.

I'm looking for people who can help make connections so that we can support ourselves enough to continue doing this work and hopefully make these processes available to anyone who needs it. If you can help support this project in any way, please let me know.


r/endangeredlanguages • • 2d ago

Marie Wilcox realized she was the last person on Earth who could speak the Wukchumni language fluently, so at 82, she taught herself to use a computer and spent seven years typing a 6,000-word Wukchumni dictionary, the first written record of the language in history, to save it from extinction.

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64 Upvotes

r/endangeredlanguages • • 2d ago

Subreddits and Discord servers for some endangered languages

53 Upvotes

1 - Ainu language:
https://www.reddit.com/r/ainu/

2 - Ainu language Discord server: https://discord.gg/hBA6xb7UMF

3 - Jèrriais language:
https://www.reddit.com/r/Jerriais/

4 - Jèrriais language Discord server:
https://discord.gg/GXpTHstap

5 - Livonian language:
https://disboard.org/it/server/902333171062964234

6 - Ladin language:
https://www.reddit.com/r/Ladinia/

7 - Mirandese language: https://www.reddit.com/r/mirandes/

8 - Manx language: https://www.reddit.com/r/gaelg/

9 - Manx language Discord server: https://discord.gg/BXUAsuk4WD

10 - Cornish language: https://www.reddit.com/r/CornishLanguage/

11 - Romansh language: https://www.reddit.com/r/romansh/

12 - Istriot language: https://discord.gg/kDq64xdFQQ

13 - Old Prussian: https://discord.gg/mNpQTtV

14 - Wymysorys Language: https://discord.com/invite/PkrsVg2

15 - Votic language: disboard.org/it/server/1059900334534832230

16 - Scottish Gaelic: https://www.reddit.com/r/gaidhlig/

17 - Kamassian language: https://www.reddit.com/r/Kamassian/

18 - Hawaiian language:
https://www.reddit.com/r/olelohawaii/

19 - Maori language: https://www.reddit.com/r/ReoMaori/

20 - Breton language: https://www.reddit.com/r/Breton/

21 - Occitan language: https://www.reddit.com/r/occitan/

22 - Sicilian language: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sicilianu/

23 - Neapolitan language: https://www.reddit.com/r/NeapolitanLanguage/

24 - Ligurian language: https://www.reddit.com/r/Zeneise/

25 - Lombard language: https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnLombardLanguage/

If you know of other subreddits or servers dedicated to endangered languages, feel free to share them in the comments.


r/endangeredlanguages • • 2d ago

TAA/ǃXÓÕ LANGUAGE

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9 Upvotes

The Taa language is classified by UNESCO as "definitely endangered" and on the verge of extinction.


r/endangeredlanguages • • 3d ago

Is anybody here a native speaker of an Endangered language?

69 Upvotes

According to UNESCO, an "Endangered language" is a language that is spoken by fewer than 100,000 people. There are 2,124 languages in the world that meet this criteria.

If you are a native speaker of an Endangered language, could you please answer the following questions:

*(i) What is the name of your native language?

*(ii) How many speakers (approximately according to your own personal estimate) are able to speak in your native language?

*(iii) Is your native language taught at your local school to all pupils and until what age?

*(iv) Do you know how to read and write in your own native language?

*(v) Are the number of speakers of your native language currently increasing or decreasing?

*(vi) Are all your family members able to speak fluently in your native language?

*(vii) Do you still speak your native language in public places or only at home?

*(viii) Do you personally consider your native language to be thriving or safe or endangered or highly vulnerable?


r/endangeredlanguages • • 3d ago

Support endangered languages! In this video, I tell a rare, chilling folk story in the Votic language (Vaďďa ceelu), a critically endangered Finno-Ugric language spoken by only a handful of people today.

20 Upvotes

A deeply personal and eerie account from the North. After his wife passes away, a widower breaks a sacred traditional taboo: he lies on his bed before six weeks have passed. What follows is a terrifying nighttime encounter...

The video features original Votic audio with English and Russian subtitles to make this rare cultural heritage accessible to everyone.

To my viewers in Estonia, Finland, and Hungary: As fellow Finno-Ugric nations, the preservation of the Votic tongue is a shared treasure. Let me know in the comments if you can spot cognates or familiar grammatical structures matching Estonian, Finnish, or Hungarian!

https://youtube.com/shorts/bfXEOC13Uss?is=qZUdYGJbc5x5_vCh


r/endangeredlanguages • • 4d ago

Keres language: An endangered language of New Mexico

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15 Upvotes

r/endangeredlanguages • • 5d ago

Site to learn endangered languages

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30 Upvotes

r/endangeredlanguages • • 5d ago

UNESCO Launches International Initiative to Protect Endangered Languages and Enhance Their Presence in Education and Culture

22 Upvotes

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), in collaboration with the International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY), has launched a new international initiative aimed at protecting endangered languages. This initiative supports the publication of works in indigenous languages and strengthens their presence in education and culture, ensuring their transmission to future generations. The initiative responds to increasing warnings about the rapid decline in global linguistic diversity. 

Over 7,000 languages are spoken worldwide, but half of them could be endangered, according to a new study. It is predicted that 1,500 known languages may no longer be spoken by the end of this century.

In the Kusunda language, spoken by the Kusunda people of western Nepal, there are no words for ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Nor are there any clear indicators of direction. Understanding depends on who is speaking, who is listening, and the context in which words are exchanged. Communication is an exercise in perspective rather than precision.

Because of its unique qualities, Kusunda is considered a ‘language isolate’ – unrelated to any other language around the world. It is also among the world's most critically endangered languages, with just one fluent speaker remaining among a community of fewer than 200 people.

As part of efforts to revitalize Kusunda, a group of students, supported by researcher and ethnographer Uday Raj Aaley and Archive Nepal, published the first-ever compilation of creative literature in the language. Now, it has been selected for inclusion in the IBBY-UNESCO Collection of Remarkable Books for Young Readers in Indigenous and Endangered Languages, which celebrates the role of children's literature in supporting languages across the globe. 

Curated by UNESCO and the International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY), this new Collection brings together nearly 170 remarkable titles in more than 150 languages, selected from over 500 submissions from around the world. 

Books include picture books, novels, biographies, graphic novels and nonfiction published between 2018 and 2025 in one or more Indigenous or endangered languages. The aim is to bolster the presence of these languages, particularly in educational and digital realms.

Among the selected titles is Tortoise and Ostrich, a folk tale in N|uu – an ancient Southern African ‘click’ language with one remaining speaker. The story follows two animals who covet a beautiful clay pot and go to extraordinary lengths to possess it. Another selection is “Tamara: The Story of the White Ant in Gurindji Land,” written in the Gurindji language, now spoken by only about 50 people in northern Australia.

The IBBY-UNESCO Collection is one of many initiatives supporting the goals of the International Decade of Indigenous Languages (2022–2032) proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly.

At the heart of the decade is a simple message: languages reflect an irreplaceable way of seeing, understanding and experiencing the world. The disappearance of any language is a loss for humanity as a whole. 

Article: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/new-collection-celebrates-childrens-books-indigenous-and-endangered-languages


r/endangeredlanguages • • 5d ago

Videos for learning the Livonian language

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13 Upvotes

r/endangeredlanguages • • 5d ago

Chauveau: la bibl deü galo an liyn

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5 Upvotes

r/endangeredlanguages • • 6d ago

Imagine a Finnish core, built with Turkic logic, and heavily mixed with Slavic.

18 Upvotes

Hey everyone! I’ve always been fascinated by how languages evolve, and I recently stumbled upon an incredible linguistic puzzle that I just had to share. We all know how essential the verb "to be" is in European languages for linking a subject to a noun or adjective. But what happens in the Moksha language?

This short video breaks down how this mind-blowing system works:

https://youtube.com/shorts/DnGNakoBbT4?si=hsF-0dvoKVu0_HM9

To any Finnish, Estonian, or Hungarian speakers here — does this look or sound familiar to you? I'd love to hear your thoughts and see if you can spot the shared roots!


r/endangeredlanguages • • 6d ago

Ainu Language Resource

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9 Upvotes

r/endangeredlanguages • • 7d ago

Bellari language really went extinct?

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9 Upvotes

r/endangeredlanguages • • 7d ago

Aheri Gondi language

5 Upvotes

r/endangeredlanguages • • 8d ago

You can translate stuff into Livonian and many other languages on this site (neurotolge.ee)

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11 Upvotes

r/endangeredlanguages • • 8d ago

An endangered language in the Caucasus - Tat language

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14 Upvotes

I created the subreddit I linked for anyone who wants to learn about and share information regarding this language.

I don't want to bore you by writing down information here that you can read on Wikipedia. Those who want to discuss this language can leave a comment here or share it in the subreddit.


r/endangeredlanguages • • 8d ago

List of languages by time of extinction

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21 Upvotes

r/endangeredlanguages • • 8d ago

The Sound of Livvi-Karelian: Can Finns and Estonians actually understand this rare language?

14 Upvotes

Hey fellow language lovers! Today I wanted to shed some light on a very unique, beautiful, and unfortunately endangered Eastern Fennic variety — the Livvi-Karelian language (sometimes called the Olonets Karelian dialect). Where is it spoken? Livvi-Karelian is traditionally spoken in the Republic of Karelia (Russia), primarily in the areas around Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega, as well as by a small community of speakers in Finland. How many people speak it? Today, it is highly endangered. Estimates vary, but there are only around 15,000 to 20,000 native speakers left who use it fluently in daily life. What is it close to? Livvi-Karelian belongs to the Finno-Ugric language family. Linguistically, it sits right between Finnish and Veps. It sounds incredibly melodic and shares a massive amount of vocabulary with Finnish (especially eastern dialects) and Estonian, but it has its own unique grammar twists, sounds, and historical Slavic influences. I’m running a YouTube channel dedicated to rare Finno-Ugric languages, and I’ve put together a small playlist featuring several videos entirely in Karelian/Livvi-Karelian so people can hear what it actually sounds like:

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHh68r_XaWSc&si=8iQ2Qsm6px2G3Dqc

To all the Finns and Estonians here: I would absolutely love to hear your thoughts! If you check out the videos, how much of it can you actually understand? Does it sound like a distant dialect of your own language, or do the differences feel too big? Which words stood out to you the most? Let's discuss in the comments! Passibo! (Thank you!)


r/endangeredlanguages • • 9d ago

irish language revitalization

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34 Upvotes

i wrote this paper back in junior year of high school. definitely not the best writing and i wasnt able to go into many details that i know are extremely important because i was 500 words over the word count at some point. not sure if anyone’s interested or if its even worth reading just thought id share.