This is one of my exam questions, yes there was an extra h2o but idk where it comes from

First of all yeah my chem background is bad but now I just have to take this course and I’m GENUINELY trying to understand.
So my question is, can anyone please just simplify the rules of how to know what angle the bond has and what hybridization??? Those ochem just piss me tf off I try to look for an explanation they either be beating around the bush or explain really really simple examples and avoids doing the tough ones.
This is one of the questions I got stuck on, it asks for the angle and the what kind of hybridization it is. I basically said it’s 120 degrees (randomally) and I guess it’s a sp^3 hybridization???? Idk I’m so pissed rn and I’m sorry again if I don’t make sense I’m telling u guys I don’t know shit but I’m trying I swear

I understand that the first molecule with the bromine has a plane of symmetry because both bromine’s are wedged. However, I can’t figure out why the second molecule has a plane of symmetry? The hydroxides are opposite, one dashed one wedged. How are both compounds meso though? I get that to be meso u need 2 chiral centers with each stereocenter being attached to the identical groups . The second molecule shows this, but the orientation in space makes me think there isnt a plane of symmetry internally. Idk if this makes any sense

Why do you have to specify that the methyl is in position 1 of the ethyl? If it was on carbon 2, it would just form a propyl, so a methyl can only be in carbon 1 for it to be a isopropyl.

My textbook said that Solvolysis is only an Sn1 reaction, but other sources say it can be other mechanisms lol, what is true?

And if it is only an Sn1 reaction, does that mean solvolysis will not form any sort of alkene product made by an E1 mechanism? Like zero e1 product whatsoever, not even as a minor product?

Also: after an OH in a substrate is made into a good leaving group via turning grabbing an H and turning into an H2O+ molecule,

how do you know when the newly made good leaving group will break off on it’s own vs. when it needs to be forced out via an Sn2 or E2 mechanism

EDIT: I'm seeing that this problem I made up is erroneous in all sorts of different ways so I'm asking that this post stops getting new responses. It was my fault for trying to make a problem out of something I didn't understand in the first place. I just took the example off of a pKa chart. Ultimately, I did figure out how to do my work.

EDIT 2: The Nitrogen in the acid/red should have a positive formal charge. I stole the example off of a pKa chart provided by my professor since it had a similar issue to what I was confused about, but the pKa chart was so faded the + looked -. I didn't notice. My apologies guys.

Basing this off of a homework problem I have, so I do apologize if this is crudely simplified. I can also give the real problem in the comments if necessary.

I’m using a pKa chart and estimating the pKa of molecules using functional groups.

Let’s say I have this blue molecule in the image. I see that it has a group which is a conjugate base of the red molecule. I know the red molecule is a strong acid, so the blue molecule is a weak base. Can I consider this molecule a base or neutral? Thinking this through for me at least, because it’s weak, it is unreactive, therefore neutral in an aqueous environment.

Now, the pKa. Can I say the blue molecule has a pKa=5.2 like the red molecule, or should I say the blue molecule has a pKaH=5.2? Or are both wrong statements?

If you’re screaming at me to do an acid-base review, yeah, I am doing one.

i think that the double bond inside ring will not be reduced as it will be hindered by the big structure of 9-BBN and just wanted to confirm if i thought the right mechanism

Hello, in my ap chem class we’re learning solution stoich and problems involving molarity and volume etc. and i am just so lost. anyone have resources? thank you!

In my answer, I said that "a" and "b" are the two highest priorities. Because they are on opposite sides, I chose "E" configuration. My answer key says that "a" & "c" are the highest priorities, making the configuration Z. What am I missing?

Chlorine is obviously the highest priority, but isn't "b" > "c" because the first point of difference bonds to another carbon?

Based on the experimental setup, Beamer B acts as a control that continuously produces Oxygen gas, creating a baseline pressure that pushes the disc to the left. When the disc moves left in Trials 2 and 4, it indicates that Beaker A produced less gas than the control, meaning Beaker A is effectively being compressed and work is done *on* the system (making work positive, not negative). Conversely, when the disc moves right in Trial 3, Beaker A produced more gas and expanded, meaning it did work on the surroundings (making work negative, not positive). Last thing in Trial 1, the disc does not move, indicating balanced pressures with no significant net expansion or compression, which contradicts the statement that work is done on both the system and surroundings. Because every specific claim about the trials violates the standard sign conventions for thermodynamic work and gas production so this is why none of theseis the only accurate choice

here’s the question:

“A compound has four sets of 1H NMR peaks, four sets of 13C NMR peaks, and an ESI mass spectrum peak at approximately m/z= 93. What's the name of this compound?“

i’m having an irl version of “billy and sally disagree on the answer to this problem. who do you think is correct, and why?” - but i think it’s benzenamine/aniline but my friend thinks it’s phenol. there’s no answer key but this is a big part of our grade </3

is it either of those or are we both onto nothing? thank you reddit!

I’m currently taking Orgo 1 in college, and honestly, it’s been pretty challenging. I’m trying to get better at understanding the concepts rather than just memorizing everything.
I’d love to connect with other students who are taking orgo or have already survived it lol. It would be nice to have someone to exchange study tips with, ask questions, or just talk about chemistry struggles.
If anyone’s in the same boat or enjoys helping with orgo, feel free to DM me! Always happy to make some study friends :)

when i look at it, covalent catalysis is where the oxygen attacks the C=O. this happens after the step 2 arrow / product of step 2. so shouldnt it be step 3 because it begins at the product of step 2 and the result is shown after the step 3 arrow. furthermore, the acid/base catalysis arrow is is drawn at the same time the covalent catalysis arrow is drawn so i dont understand how covalent catalysis occures on step 2 and acid/base catalysis occures on step 3 when both arrows are drawn at the same time (between step 2 and 3 arrow)

Like I get that from the result we can determine if a reaction is spontaneous or not, but the definition in my textbook says "maximum amount of work a system can do as it approaches the end of the reaction." What does it mean by maximum amount of work? Other definitions are saying how much usable energy is left, which I don't really understand either.

I always assumed it to be how much energy is used during the reaction, but its wrong? If anyone could dumb it down, or just explain it in different terms it would help.

I really struggle with converting bond-line into Lewis structure and vise versa. Is this incorrect? I feel like it’s right but I’m certainly not trusting my own judgment for this lol. Thanks in advance!!

I dont see why the molecule would kick off the oxygen as it seems pretty stable and kicking it off creates an unnecessary positive charge

Additionally, im seeing an alternate mechanism online where the alcohol oxygen is the one that attacks, is that one also valid?

When I am doing the nomenclature, how do I know if the R/S is a wedge or a dash? What are the tips?

Hey! I am still trying to figure out whether is it always important to name a structure alphabetically by its groups?elements? such lets take "4-bromo-1-hydroxy-8-methylphenanthrene-2-carbaldehyde" for an example.....I am a biology major, and we have a presentation that's due tomorrow and I am afraid I'll choke when explaining the naming of derivatives

I've been trying to electron count this in the covalent method, but I'm getting differing search results on whether to consider Zn(0) as 10 or 12 electrons, based on whether the 4s2 electrons are included. I assume the 4N donate 2 each and triflate is an x type ligand.