r/Radiation • • Aug 12 '25

Buyer's Guide PSA: Don't Ask "What Geiger Counter Should I Buy?" until you've read this post.

206 Upvotes

The most common question we see in this subreddit is some variant of the "what device do I buy?" question. It's asked multiple times a week, sometimes multiple times a day. It's so common that someone tried to create a flowchart to help newcomers. As well thought-out as that flowchart is, it's like telling someone what car they should buy before they even know what a car is, what it can do, and what it can't do.

If you're looking for the tl;dr or other shortcuts, sorry, there aren't any. This post exists because there are too many "Where do I start?", "What should I buy?" and "I just bought this... is this reading dangerous?" posts from impatient newcomers who expect Reddit to teach them on the fly. Doing that with radiation is a lot like buying a parachute and jumping out of an airplane... then whipping out your mobile device and asking Reddit for instructions. Don't be that guy. Be smarter. Before you run out and buy "baby's first Geiger Counter", you should at least understand:

  • The difference between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, as well as the main types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma, x-ray, and neutron).
  • The difference between radiation and radioactive contamination.
  • The difference between CPM and dose rate, and when to use each.
  • The inverse-square law and how distance affects the readings you're looking at.
  • What ALARA is and how time, distance, and shielding reduce exposure.

There are more I could add, especially when it comes to health and safety, or detection devices themselves. But, in my experience, these concepts are the ones that confuse newcomers and lead to erroneous or misleading posts. To help you avoid the pitfalls of buying before knowing, or being "that guy", here are some resources to get you started in learning about Radiation, detection devices, biological effects, etc. Listed from more basic, easy, and approachable to more comprehensive or advanced:

If you prefer a website-based approach with links to other sites, videos, lots of pictures, etc... Head over to the Radiation Emergency Medical Management website's Understanding the Basics About Radiation section and start your journey.

Prefer a textbook approach? Grab a cup of coffee and sit down with the freely available University of Wisconsin's Radiation Safety for Radiation Workers Manual. There's a reason it's still used more than 20 years after it was first published. The book starts with a good basic explanation of radiation and radioactivity. The book then covers biological effects, regulations, lab procedures, how detectors work, X-ray machinery, irradiators, and nuclear reactors. It even has chapters on lasers and RF radiation. Some of the information is student and labworker-specific, but enough of the book's content is written in an approachable manner that it should be on every beginner's "must-read" list.

If the UW manual isn't deep enough for you, pick up a free copy of Dan Gollnick's Basic Radiation Protection Technology (6th Edition) from the NRRPT. Essentially a self-study textbook for Radiation Protection Technologists, this book goes into even greater detail on the concepts, math, and minutiae involved in radiation protection.

All of the above too basic for you? Well, buckle up because MIT offers numerous Radiation-related and Nuclear Engineering courses through its OpenCourseWare program. Starting with Introduction to Nuclear Engineering and Ionizing Radiation, each is a full college course with lectures, homework, and exams. There's even a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Geiger Counters course.

Congratulations! If you've read this far, you're already on the right track. The above isn't meant to be all-encompassing, and no doubt other Redditors will chime in with other excellent books, websites, and videos to help you get started learning about ionizing radiation and its effects. Before you know it, your decision will have narrowed down some. And, more importantly, your new device will be far more than just a "magic box" that shows you numbers you don't understand.

EDIT: It's stunning how many people are claiming to have read this post, then go right back to making their low-effort "which Geiger Counter do I buy" post anyway. You're supposed to EDUCATE YOURSELF so you don't have to make that repetitive, low-effort, ignorant, spoon-feed-me post. If you do the above, you will know if/when you need alpha or beta capability. You will know whether a dosimeter or a survey meter is the right choice. You will know whether a scintillator, PIN Diode, or GM tube or pancake is the right detector for your application. THAT'S THE WHOLE POINT!

If you're saying to yourself, "I don't want to put THAT much effort into this", then asking for recommendations is a waste of everyone's time.

FINALLY, check out our Buyer's Guide posts. These are posts from people like you, that have particularly good comments and engagement, and answers about purchase options for beginners like yourself. Please take the time to look through them before starting your post. Even if they don't fully answer your question, they and the resources above, should help you ask something more than just a vague "what do I buy?"


r/Radiation • • 14h ago

General Discussion Is Fiestaware Normally "Beta Hot"?

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54 Upvotes

I was surprised to place my new Alphahound AB+G on an active Fiestaware plate to see the beta count take the CPM lead. Is this to be expected or typical? I was anticipating higher gamma count for some reason, and could rationalize counts all over the map depending on production batch. Comments?


r/Radiation • • 11h ago

Spectroscopy Nuclear Transmutation of Fluorine-19 into Neon-22 and a proton with alpha particles

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24 Upvotes

Once again we use my ~4.3 mCi Polonium-210 source for some charged particle activation. This one gets us an even cleaner and more visible peak, Fluorine-19 in my Sodium Fluoride is much more likely to absorb an alpha particle to initiate the alpha, proton reaction as compared to Sodium-23, and therefore gives us a larger more visible peak as compared to our Sodium Chloride. What’s cool is that we can see the direct comparison of the 1809 keV Magnesium-26 peak from the Sodium, but also the much more prominent 1275 keV prompt gamma from the first excited state of Neon-22 after being activated from the Fluorine-19 in the Fluoride. Here I have also included evidence of why my Radiacode 110 has off center peaks, I believe it needs to be recalibrated. The 803 keV gamma from the Polonium-210 itself is our baseline, if you look at exactly where the peak itself is relative to the exact line of 803 keV, it’s a little off center. This is also true for every other peak by approximately the same amount, hence why the center of the peak isn’t right in where the line is on our expected energy level. The last pictures are the spectrums from the Sodium Chloride experiment after the same full 14 hour scan, you can see that the 1809 keV Magnesium-26 peak is identical on only the Sodium Chloride and Sodium Fluoride run, while its absent with sugar and nothing in the Polonium-210 source.


r/Radiation • • 15h ago

PHOTO Tests with my SBM-20 based DIY Geiger counter! These Fiestaware ceramics are insanely hot!

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27 Upvotes

I'm an Electrical Engineering student, and I recently finished building this SBM-20 based Geiger counter using the ESP-32 microcontroller. The perfboard is a 400V boost converter which is actively regulated by the ESP-32.

I bought some samples from FB marketplace and a local antique store. The fiestaware reads insanely hot, and it's a bit scary to be honest lol. The uranium glass and radium watch dial are much more chill.

I'm finishing up the PCB design, and hope to get it all assembled within a month or so! This project has been super fun so far, and I actually can't believe I got it to work lol. The end product should be a small, handheld Geiger counter with a rechargeable battery and whatnot. I'll post pictures of it when it's done! :)


r/Radiation • • 14h ago

Equipment Alpha hound Users?

7 Upvotes

For those of you whom have an alpha hound , how do you like it ? Ive been really wanting to get one but its a steep price and I have nearly every detector I could want. But the form factor and creativity behind it I really like. If I had the disposable income I'd just buy it and add it to the collection of detectors. But maybe I'll get one at some point.

Thanks in advance !


r/Radiation • • 1d ago

General Discussion Any takers for this deal?

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64 Upvotes

How irresponsible is selling something like this on marketplace? I cracked up when I saw it.


r/Radiation • • 1d ago

Spectroscopy Detecting Nuclear Transmutation of Sodium into Magnesium with a Radiacode 110 and Polonium-210

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46 Upvotes

Using my NRD Nuclespot 5mCi Polonium-210 source (~4.5mCi at the time), I was able to bombard normal table salt with alpha particles. Some of the Sodium-23 atoms absorb the alpha particles and pop out a proton, the alpha proton (a,p) reaction. By changing the number of protons, we now have nuclear transmutation from Sodium-23 into Magnesium-26. The excited states of Magnesium-26 release prompt gamma photons at 1133 and 1809 kev which I was able to get peaks of on my Radiacode 110! I also did a run of mostly inert sugar to try and replicate the similar physical barrier between the polonium and the detector, but salt absorbs more gamma so it’s still a little different. But I was able to get those definite peaks in the right spots for just the Polonium with Salt run and not the others, Carl Willis originally did this experiment but with a much better and more expensive HPGe detector. The Polonium-210 is still at around 4.3 mCi, more experiments with it to come!


r/Radiation • • 2d ago

VIDEO Radiation measurement at Trinity Site

154 Upvotes

Was at Trinity site this past Saturday, and took this measurement next to the obelisk with my Ludlum 2241 with a 44-9 pancake probe. More pictures and details to come! Also please feel free to ask any questions, cheers!


r/Radiation • • 2d ago

General Discussion Gamma spectroscopy of trinity site

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49 Upvotes

I did gamma spec of the trinity site because , well , why not? Got lots of attention from people.

Not my day job, just a hobby but was lots of fun meeting a bunch of people.

Plenty of pics of me floating out there now Lol 😆


r/Radiation • • 2d ago

Spectroscopy As Promised , The Spectrum from Trinity site 2026

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18 Upvotes

As promised , I am posting the spectrum. Viewed in Sandia's InterSpec software. Very powerful in the right hands; I'm just a hobbyist though, definitely not an expert. This is also without background subtracted out. I never took a background reading before walking to ground 0
Here are my conclusions based on the time from when the device was tested and likely fission products and activated products.

What I'm sure of :
*Am241 & Pu241 ( The half life of Pu241 is 14 years , its been 81 years since the test , about 3% of Pu241 that was initially still remains)
*Cs137 , I am positive that in that 668.14Kev is supposed to be the 661.2Kev peak, but i think other isotopes or noise overlap, possibly. Or just a calibration issue.
What else is possibly in here based off research and the peaks:
*Ir192 - Possibly from soil , concrete or used somewhere in the device. The meta stable version has a half life of 240+ years and there is possibly 2 peaks for it at 316Kev and 604Kev ? Could just be noise as well but my guess is that it was possibly in the device its self.
*Ni59 - Probably detectable with a more sensitive gamma spec under shielding, The structural steel should have had nickel and molybdenum ( making molybdenum-93)

I want to again say, I'm not an expert. Just doing this for fun. If you want the CSV file I can email it.

If you work for WSMR(met a few scientists there) and would like to send me a sample of soil and or a little bit of the steel to put under a shielded environment, id be willing to do so to get better resolution and less noise but that's a long shot lol. I don't have HpGe in my home sadly , so probably better off sending it to a lab lol .

Thanks for your guys time and great meeting those who went to trinity this year.


r/Radiation • • 1d ago

What To Buy? what is the best radiacode for radium clocks and uranium glass?

1 Upvotes

i have a GMC GQ 300, but i'd like something more advanced and more accurate.


r/Radiation • • 3d ago

Health and Safety Exposed radium in antique stores - should I be bringing awareness to owners?

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96 Upvotes

It's not something I see too often, but every once in a while I come across an object with exposed radium paint at thrift/antique stores. In this case, it was an old radio with relatively weak paint, but I've seen clocks, watches, dials, etc, with broken or absent coverings where the paint is open to the air.

Is it worth letting store/booth owners know about these objects if I come across them? I won't buy them myself because I strictly don't purchase exposed items, and I worry about others buying things like these, not knowing the risks.


r/Radiation • • 3d ago

General Discussion Used radiation detector, real or fake ad?

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19 Upvotes

Hello everyone!

I'm not sure what style of detector this is, I'm guessing a dosimeter and a Geiger counter?or if it would even be useful for anything more than a Halloween prop, but I'd like your opinions, because 50bucks seems cheap, as long as new elements are available.

I was bamboozled once by a fake ad, but this one looks much more legit


r/Radiation • • 2d ago

Questions Does a database of particle interactions exist?

12 Upvotes

for example, i want to know what would happen if i shot a thermal neutron of a specific energy at Cs133. is there a place to find it without searching through a bunch of scientific articles?


r/Radiation • • 3d ago

Health and Safety Is this normal for a basement radiator level it’s higher then my uranium glass

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35 Upvotes

r/Radiation • • 4d ago

Spectroscopy Potassium-40 on my Radium spectrum?

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24 Upvotes

Hello! I was checking out my Radium-226 (Bezard Compass) spectrum I took a few weeks ago, and noticed there was a peak around 1460~ KeV.

The spectrum lasted for about 3 and a half hours only and I don’t think K-40 had the chance to appear on the spectrum especially when the source isn’t weak. And I didn’t see any trace of Potassium on a short 2,5 hour background spectrum I took a while back. Why is it here now?

My question is could this be a back scatter peak from Bi-214? (3rd pic) Perhaps a Compton edge? Because how the hell am I actually seeing Potassium-40 on a Radium Compass? Am I severely lacking knowledge here? Thank you!


r/Radiation • • 4d ago

Equipment Replacement LCD for Eberline PRS-1 "Rascal"

3 Upvotes

I'm looking for a replacement display for an Eberline PRS-1. If anyone could help me find one, I'd really appreciate it.


r/Radiation • • 4d ago

Equipment First successful DIY counter build!

65 Upvotes

I first tried with an SI-3BG, and thought something was wrong with my circuit. It’s just a very insensitive tube and detects one particle like, every other minute.

But then I got a $20 Chinese tube from AliExpress, and it works! Super excited! Making a PCB and an enclosure now. BTW the Chinese tubes use a conductive coating for the cathode and it makes them so pretty

The circuit is the Mighty Ohm counter (schematic open source online) on a breadboard, minus the microcontroller. I still plan to add one for logging, dose calculations and driving a display

Everyone who is interested should try and make one, it was only about $25 usd in parts (most of it the tube), and it put me in a good mood all week.


r/Radiation • • 5d ago

Experiments and Demonstrations (Must Be SAFE) Air Things Alpha Spectrometer: Final Results

35 Upvotes

A while back I had posted some updates on hijacking an Air Things radon meter as an alpha spectrometer. This recaps all of that and shows the final results of the spectrum of mixtures of thoron and radon demonstrating how the Air Things is highly specific to the detection of radon.

Now using this for alpha spectrometry in solid surfaces is not practical as the alpha particles interactions with air cause the peaks to broad so much as to be useless. The Correntium cleverly electrostatically precipitates radon decay products onto the sensor thereby eliminating that issue.

However one could take the probe and sample and place it in a vacuum chamber and likely be able to measure alpha spectrum of other things as well. That may be my next step. But pretty amazed what you can do with this otherwise inexpensive setup.


r/Radiation • • 7d ago

Health and Safety Radium applicator update #2

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165 Upvotes

Hey everyone, final post regarding the radium applicator, the authorities have secured the orphan source! No more risk so, but also my collection of radioactive minerals and other objects, I post my latest photos taken with them! Once again, a big thank you for your answers! Other post will follow with some video's of the devices becoming crazy.

Also the final mass of radium is approximately 130uCi!


r/Radiation • • 9d ago

Experiments and Demonstrations (Must Be SAFE) Finally found true Bay Boletes in the Ebersberg forest. Cs137 results & why they concentrate the stuff.

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58 Upvotes

So a few weeks back I posted about a little amateur experiment with my kids in the Ebersberg forest near Munich (local hotspot for Chernobyl Cs137). We found some mushrooms that weren’t Bay Boletes (Maronenröhrlinge), just a similar species, and our semi-quantitative setup (gammaspectrometer + lead castle) showed about 1.2 kBq/kg. Not bad, but we really wanted the real deal – the Bay Bolete, which usually comes later in the year, around mid-October.

This time we got lucky. Found a nice batch. We were pretty excited because locally these are the famous Cs137 concentrators. But honestly? The result was a bit disappointing: only 1.78 kBq/kg dried mushrooms. So yeah, it’s more than the other ones, but not like, many times more. Just a bit more.

Why these shrooms actually concentrate Cs137? And the answer is pretty cool: it’s down to two brown pigments in the cap. Badion A and Norbadion A. These are unusual naphtho-pyrandione dyes that you don’t find in, say, Steinpilze (cepes). They normally sit there as potassium complexes, but Norbadion A can also grab cesium instead. It forms a stable 1:1 complex with CsCl. Basically the pigment chelates the Cs137 instead of potassium, which is why Bay Boletes suck it up so efficiently while other boletes barely do.

If you want to see the chemical structure of that dye, there’s a screenshot from the linked publication: https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19840960619 (me chemistry nerd, sorry.)

So.....next step is to isolate that BadionA/NorbadionA from the shrooms and....sniff it! (No just kidding! DONT DO THAT!)

All in all the value of 1.78kBq/kg dried shrooms is well below consumption thresholds by the EU, but I dont know if I would eat those, of course in a regular meal there are only a few grams of those inside. But that clear peak even with an amateur setup, hmmm...

Disclaimer&Setup: we dry the shrooms and fixate everything in a mini-marinelli with epoxy resin. (those puks are for me later neat little checksources, all legal - well below any restricted levels). Spectrometer is GSMAX8k and probe is GS1515CsI. We only have one calibration point in the same marinelli geometry, and only from dried/sieved soil - so anything here is amateur-semiquantitative, matrix effects a.o. are not considered.

Last image: you can even see it with the radiacode110 from my son, only after 18 minutes the 661keV peak comes up -> but only (!) in a leadcastle! Without you cant see jack shit. So highly recommended to get yourself a leadshield :-) for your radiacodes, it opens a complete new world :-)


r/Radiation • • 10d ago

Questions Looking for an audio recording of an analogue Geiger counter approaching a strong source (ideally Chernobyl-related)

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11 Upvotes

Hi all ,

I am looking for a clean audio recording, or a video with usable audio, of an older analogue Geiger counter with an audible click output being brought close to a strong radiation source.

It's for an art project that will feature analogue audio recordings. Ideally it would be from Chernobyl or the Exclusion Zone but any genuinely hot source would help.

What I am after is the progression: sparse background clicks at a distance, building into a dense crackle as the probe gets closer. A Soviet-era instrument such as a DP-5V with its headphone output would be perfect, but other click-based counters are fine too.

The closest I have found is the linked YT video. It's almost perfect but it uses a digital counter, and once it gets close it switches to a steady alarm-style tone rather than individual clicks merging together.

Two questions:

  1. Does anyone have, or know of, a recording like this?

  2. Am I right that an analogue click counter would produce something like white noise at high count rates rather than a continuous beep?

Thanks in advance.


r/Radiation • • 11d ago

Questions Is it a good idea to be near this?

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90 Upvotes

1970s era Pyrotronics ionizing smoke detector that runs off of 220 volts DC.
I also sit directly underneath, slightly adjacent to it for half of a day. Roughly 3 1/2 feet from it.
Am I going to have a few years knocked off my life?


r/Radiation • • 13d ago

PHOTO Gamma radiography

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87 Upvotes

Gamma radiography of a screw using Americium-241 as a ~60 keV gamma source instead of a X-ray beam. It can still be greatly improved with more distance from the source.


r/Radiation • • 14d ago

Equipment Made a Housing for my Y-m06 - Geigercounter

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27 Upvotes

Made it with Tinkercad, I will 3D-Print it with gummi TPU :)