r/KidneyStones • • Mar 21 '19

Super Good Advice Frequently Asked Questions - new visitors to this subreddit, please start here!

302 Upvotes

Thanks for taking the time to read this first! :) None of us are doctors, and the advice here is based on our own experiences. If you are suffering, or think you might have a stone, or are trying to help somebody with symptoms, please start here. These are the questions we seem to hear a lot on this subreddit. If you have a question that isn't covered here, by all means please post in the subreddit. We have lots of stone formers who have a wide range of experiences in this area and we may be able to at least point you in the right direction. Good luck, drink lots of water and may pain be a stranger to you!

I suspect I have a stone. Should I see a doctor? When should I go to the ER?

Go to the emergency room if you have a fever or are vomiting, or your pain is unbearable, or if you stop urinating (this may mean you have a blockage).

If you’re experiencing pain that you think is a kidney stone, visit your doctor and/or urologist. Most doctors are very good at assessing you and your family history as well as factors such as age, weight, sex, prior medical history and current symptoms. Doctors are much better at providing an intelligent diagnosis (which is really an educated guess) than we are on reddit.

Check to make sure what you think is a stone is actually a stone. The cause of abdominal pain is sometimes difficult to pin down exactly. Pain in your abdomen/ mid-section could be any one of a number of things, including digestive issues, kidney stones, appendicitis, colitis, and diverticulitis to name a few. Remember that kidney stones classically present with flank pain.

The symptoms of a kidney stone are usually one or more of the following:

  • Pain on the right or left flank (mid-way between your side and your spine, on your back), sometimes radiating down to the groin (testicles for males, pelvis/ovarian area for females). * The pain is specifically UNDER the rib cage (actually under the diaphragm)
  • Pain that comes in waves and fluctuates in intensity
  • Pain on urination or urethra spasms
  • Pink, red or brown urine
  • Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Persistent need to urinate
  • Urinating more often than usual
  • Fever and chills if an infection is present
  • Urinating small amounts

Pain caused by a kidney stone may change — for instance, shifting to a different location or increasing in intensity — as the stone moves through your urinary tract. Source

I know I have a stone. What do I do? What should I expect?

IF YOU HAVE A FEVER OR ARE VOMITING OR ARE UNABLE TO URINATE, PROCEED TO THE ER.

Pain will come and go, and will likely vary from one person to the next. So while you may read in this sub-reddit about severe pain, that's not necessarily what you will experience. So the first thing to do is try to relax and not get worked up about what MIGHT happen. If it does happen, the pain comes in two forms: 1) waves (spasms) of pain, which can feel like a very strong cramp, and 2) a general achy feeling between your kidney area, and down to your groin. As mentioned above, the "classic" kidney stone pain is from the flank down to the groin.

Drink lots of water. Water will increase the amount of urine you produce, and will also plump up your urinary system in general, which will make for less contact between any stones you have and the walls of your ureter. When stones rub against the walls of your ureter, you experience pain. Another benefit from drinking water is that the concentration of waste produce in your urine is more diluted, which means that the crystals which make up kidney stones are less likely to find a date, and will head out on their own. Yet another benefit to proper hydration is that dilute urine is less likely to irritate any abrasions that previous stones may have made in your urinary tract. Less irritation = less chance of an infection. How much water? You want to be producing about 2 1/2 liters of urine per day, so drink a bit more than that. Read more about water here

Locate some pain management methods that work for you, and that are readily available. Over the counter (OTC) medicines like aspirin, ibuprofen or acetaminophen (tylenol) can help, but only take as much as you need for as long as you need. A daily habit of NSAIDs like ibuprofen can lead to serious issues. Prescription pain medicines can also help, but you need to locate a doctor who will prescribe you what you need. Azo (Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride) is used by many in this subreddit. Cannabis, if it's legal where you live, can also provide some relief. Heat - in the form of heating pads, hot baths or showers, can help when you're experiencing a wave of pain. Find what works for you - don't just blindly follow the advice of others.

Some people experience nausea, which can occur with or without accompanying pain. Be prepared (have a bucket or bag available if you're feeling a wave of nausea come along, although sometimes there's not much warning).

If you're in the middle of a pain session, and feel like you need to visit the Emergency Room/ Urgent Care clinic, think about how you'll get there. Some folks experience such strong pain, that they're not able to drive themselves. Find a driver who you can rely on to get you to the care you need on short notice.

How long do stones take to pass?

Some stones never pass (they stay in the kidney) and are removed via surgery (lithotripsy or uretoscope).

Stones that are “smaller” - usually 5mm or less - will pass without surgery being required, although there will be some pain/ discomfort. Some folks have passed larger stones, but this isn’t common. I’ve passed a 7 - 8 mm stone without surgery.

What kinds of stones are there?

  • Calcium stones Most kidney stones are calcium stones, usually in the form of calcium oxalate. Oxalate is a naturally occurring substance found in food and is also made daily by your liver. Some fruits and vegetables, as well as nuts and chocolate, have high oxalate content. There is conflicting research on whether or not a diet high in oxalates can contribute to stones.

    Dietary factors, high doses of vitamin D, intestinal bypass surgery and several metabolic disorders can increase the concentration of calcium or oxalate in urine. If you’re taking a Vitamin D supplement, it may be worth talking to your health care provider to explore whether there may be a relationship between your current dose and your stones. Source

  • Calcium stones may also occur in the form of calcium phosphate. This type of stone is more common in metabolic conditions, such as renal tubular acidosis. It may also be associated with certain migraine headaches or with taking certain seizure medications, such as topiramate (Topamax). This type of stone is also common in those with autoimmune diseases due to Renal Tubular Acidosis. Those who make these stones tend to make many, and make them frequently. Difficult to treat.

  • Struvite stones. Struvite stones form in response to an infection, such as a urinary tract infection. These stones can grow quickly and become quite large, sometimes with few symptoms or little warning.

  • Uric acid stones. Uric acid stones can form in people who don't drink enough fluids or who lose too much fluid, those who eat a high-protein diet, and those who have gout. Certain genetic factors also may increase your risk of uric acid stones.

  • Cystine stones. These stones form in people with a hereditary disorder that causes the kidneys to excrete too much of certain amino acids (cystinuria).

How do I know what kind of stones I make?

Your urologist can send the stones to the lab to be analyzed. Ask for a strainer to strain your urine if you wish to collect a stone. Not all urologists dispense them readily.

What can I do to prevent more stones?

In general, drink more water, limit your salt and sugar intake and get your weight within recommended ranges. (See U Chicago Kidney Stone diet for more details here.)

For specific types of stones, there are specific dietary recommendations, but you’d need to have your stones analyzed (first), and then your urine tested (using one or more 24-hour urine samples). DIFFERENT STONES HAVE DIFFERENT DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS

Keep in mind that there is no one ‘magic bullet’ for kidney stone treatment.

What kind of treatments are there for stones?

  • Most common method (because it's the least invasive) is to advise the patient to stay hydrated, take OTC pain killers as required and stay active. This approach usually results in the stone passing.
  • Medical Expulsive Therapy - in addition to fluids and pain killers, sometimes Tamsulosin (Flomax) is prescribed to aid in stone passage. Studies suggest this is most effective for smaller (< 5mm) stones; less so for larger stones.
  • Ureteroscopy with either physical removal or laser break-up
  • Lithotripsy shockwave lithotripsy (sometimes abbreviated as ESWL) uses external shockwaves to break a stone into smaller parts. Only one stone can be blasted at a time. Side effects from this include urinating blood and flank pain.
  • Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy - rarely used/ only when other methods are not successful. A small incision is made in the back, and a tube inserted into the kidney to remove stones.

What resources are there for kidney stone formers?

Does lemonade help stones?

If you form CALCIUM OXALATE stones, there is some evidence that the citric acid in lemon juice (or lime juice) can help add to the total volume of urine, reducing its saturation of calcium and other crystals, and may enhance urinary citrate excretion.

What are the methods for diagnosing a stone?

  • Computed Tomography (CT) - most radiation, most resolution/ accuracy, $$$
  • KUB X-ray (KUB = Kidney Ureter Bladder) - medium radiation, moderate resolution, $$
  • Ultrasound - no radiation, reasonable resolution, $

For more information on the pro's and con's of different imaging techniques, please click here

Which medications are available for kidney stone treatment?

  • Narcotic painkillers (ex: morphine)
  • Non-narcotic painkillers (ex: Toradol, cannabis)
  • Anti-nausea medications (ex: Zofran)
  • Urocit-K (ex: Potassium Citrate)
  • Flomax (Tamsulosin)

Treatment is usually symptom based, except for some medications which aim to alter the pH of the urine like Urocit-K.

Ending thoughts: Thank you for taking the time to read our FAQ. Remember, everyone’s stone history is different, and every urologist is different. What works for you may not work for others. In general, staying hydrated (2-4L per day) is your best defense and will help keep your kidneys functioning happily. If you are not happy with your urologist, seek the help of a nephrologist.

Edits: spelling, words, and added a section on "what do I do now". Added wikipedia reference.


r/KidneyStones • • 4m ago

Question/ Request for advice Anyone else experience the agony of hydronephrosis in third trimester? Aka kidney swelling?

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• Upvotes

r/KidneyStones • • 22h ago

Pictures I arranged a little photoshoot with my kidney stones!

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41 Upvotes

r/KidneyStones • • 13h ago

Pictures Just wanted to chime in that the pics some of you post are terrifying LOL

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7 Upvotes

The stones youre passing look nasty compared to mine that were HE11 to pass with NO meds
This is the biggest one I passed with the help of a lot of lemonade and KidneyCOP


r/KidneyStones • • 13h ago

Pictures Second stone, 20 years later

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6 Upvotes

I've been battling a 5mm stone for 1 month now. After my 2nd trip to the ER in 12 days it was time for surgery. Here are some pics of the asshole stone before and after removal. Also, I have an internal stent I have to get it removed. My first stone, they just ripped it out at the office as it had a string. This one is not in the shaft of my penis. Can someone explain their removal experience?


r/KidneyStones • • 14h ago

Pictures What type of stone is it?

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5 Upvotes

Basically the title


r/KidneyStones • • 9h ago

Question/ Request for advice Creatine intake and kidney stones

2 Upvotes

Just for reference, I had a kidney stone one time in my life, it was two years ago, and I've never had any stones ever since. A week ago I started taking creatine, and I'm so concerned that it may lead for my kidneys to form another stone, even though I'm drinking plenty of fluids and making sure to stay hydrated, I'm also drinking a cup of water with a squeeze of lemon every morning when I wake up cause I heard that it may help prevent kidney stones.

Did anyone else here take creatine while having history with stones? How did it go?


r/KidneyStones • • 7h ago

Question/ Request for advice How to stop the stones?

1 Upvotes

So I had a PCNL last week, and they said they would examine the stone and let me know what type it is and then they'll start the medication or treatment and diets...

I still have stones on my other kidney, so I'm confused if it'll destroy the stones or if it'll just prevent the formation of new stones.

I have had laser treatment And for other surgery they had to put a stent in. I don't remember how it all went exactly except for the stent pain. But it was a long Time ago and I couldn't follow up with the stone clinic so I never got to know what type of stones I had.

So if you have any similar experience or found a way to stop those stones forever lmk! Thx.


r/KidneyStones • • 14h ago

Question/ Request for advice I think i have a kidney stone in my bladder

2 Upvotes

I had laser lithotripsy about 2 to 3 weeks ago now. I had the lithotripsy for a 7mm stone that was obstructing my left ureter and not letting any urine past it. At one point I passed multiple shards and stones all at the same time. Ive had my stent out for about 2 weeks now also it migrated down so they had it removed. From what I know from my ct scans I had the 7mm that was stuck, an 8mm in the kidney and multiple smaller stones in my left kidney ranging from 2 to 6mm. Also a 6mm in my right kidney.

For the past week since ive past the mutiple stones at once ive been having alot of pain and discomfort in my bladder also I have been having to urinate almost every hour and I feel like im not emptying when I do. Another thing most of the time it takes me a long time to start urinating and some times i cant go at all it also will go from a strong stream to weak or completely stop. I will also have the urge to urinate right after I finish or I will feel like my bladder is full when it isnt. I think a stone or shard is stuck in my bladder.

Has anyone had a stone stuck in your bladder that you just couldn't pass? If so what symptoms did you have, how long did it take to pass and is there any way to get it to pass easier or have less symptoms. Im going to contact my urologist and see if he can find out if its for sure a stone and if it is im going to see if he can remove it or if he thinks I can pass it. Ive barely been sleeping at all from this since ive been getting woken up constantly from my bladder every night.

Thank you all for any tips or suggestions. Also i know i dont have a uti last week i was in the er because i had decreased urine output by alot and side pain. They said it wasnt a UTI and i think was from the possible stone stuck in my bladder. Since im immune compromised they put me on antibiotics to prevent me from getting a uti since I get them alot when passing stones. I have been on the antibiotic since then and have 2 days left of it.


r/KidneyStones • • 15h ago

Question/ Request for advice Bowel movements & Stent

2 Upvotes

Female, had stent put in on Friday and will be removing myself this week. Any advice on bowel movements with the stent? I’m worried to push too hard and subsequently push the stent out or dislodge it. Not sure if this is an irrational thought or not, but those of you who have had stents know how uncomfortable they already are. Thank you in advance!


r/KidneyStones • • 14h ago

Question/ Request for advice Medical Tourism - Best country outside of USA for ESWL/Lithotripsy?

1 Upvotes

Does anyone have any recent success stories of great medical care and cost savings for these treatments? Some of the old Reddit posts stated that Mexico, Thailand, and Poland were top countries for ESWL, but time has passed and I don’t know if there are any reviews that the sub wouldn’t mind sharing.

I’m in California and Mexico is an easy travel for me. But I don’t want to go the wrong route over the advantage of a short distance. Thanks all!


r/KidneyStones • • 14h ago

Pain Management Intense pain; urologist tomorrow

1 Upvotes

Hey guys. So I found out last week I have multiple kidney stones, one of which is rather large measuring at 8mm. The pain has gotten so much worse in the last 24-48 hours. I had been alternating Tylenol and Ibuprofen but they’re not even touching the pain anymore. I have my first appointment with the urologist tomorrow afternoon. Anyone who’s had their stones treated, do they usually give you something short-term to manage the pain or no? Just need to know if I should just go on to the ER or not.

P.S. my CT scan that I had last Tuesday showed none of the stones were obstructing anything yet. But not sure if they’re beginning to move now which could be causing the intensified waves of pain.


r/KidneyStones • • 1d ago

Sharing Experience This lil guys stressed me out for months

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16 Upvotes

Started to pee unusually dark the morning of august 5 2026, peed light pink the whole day no pain or any other symptoms aside from hematuria. bleeding stopped for a week and then resumed again this time only 1 time the whole day. Chatgpt rabbit hole stressed me out cause it says hematuria without pain might be cancer. Went here in reddit and found comfort and hope cause I saw a lot of bleeding without pain and the cause was kidney stones. The bleeding stopped for about a month, when I started seeing pink urine again that's when I decided to consult a urologist. Asked me to do KUB ultrasound but no kidney stones was found in either of my kidneys and bladder. Dr just prescribed me rowatinex 3x a day for 3 weeks. Bleeding stopped for a few weeks and last week it came back again this time I consulted another urologist. This time I'm really stressed and anxious coz I'm not sure what's happening with my body. Dr Gave me antibiotics and tamsulosin. Thinking it might be cystitis. Felt really better after taking antibiotics. And today after waking up early in the morning as I was advised by my doctor to catch my pee to monitor my urine color I caught this little guy in my mini basin. I'm so happy that after more than 2 months of thinking and stressing out I'm finally sure that the bleeding was caused by a stone. Moral of the story when you notice something wrong with your body go to a doctor right away and pls stay away from Chatgpt.


r/KidneyStones • • 1d ago

Sharing Experience 24 hours after my ESWL

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12 Upvotes

So happy these already came out. Maybe there's more later since it's not yet 48 hours.

Originally they were 6x7x8mm in the mid ureter as per CT Stono. By the day of ESWL, they were in the UVJ already.

I still can feel the pain during ESWL. Not sure why the anesthesia didn't make me fully fall asleep. I had to raise my hand 3 times and by the 3rd time, the last anesthesia adjustment knocked me out and woke up at recovery.


r/KidneyStones • • 20h ago

Pictures ask ko lng po sino po nakapagpashockwave ng kidney stone dito? ilang days po nafile sa sss ? and ilang days po naapprove ? thankyou

1 Upvotes

r/KidneyStones • • 23h ago

Question/ Request for advice New to this. Is it passing?

1 Upvotes

Hi. I have never had a kidney stone before to my knowledge. I'm sorry this is long I just want to be detailed just in case.

Throughout late August and September I had sudden severe lower back pain that hurt worse when I sat or laid down. It primarily hurt in my right lower back. The flare ups at some point got so bad that all I could do was pace around in a circle and cry. I opted to not go to the ER at the time because I thought I had a back injury and needed to just give it time.

Suddenly the back pain stopped after over a week. In that time I got what seemed to be a severe UTI. I rarely get them and never that bad. My urine was red from blood and the abdominal pain was awful. I made a doctor's appointment but it would be a while before I could go.

In the meantime I got tested for the UTI at urgent care and only had signs of blood in my urine but no nitrates. I was still put on an antibiotic. The bladder pain and burning, bloody urine did clear up on it. The frequent urge to urinate did not.

My back pain then started coming back but very mildly.

Finally, I had my doctor's appointment. On Sept 30th. I told him all the above. My urine was tested and traces of blood were still found. He seemed certain I had a kidney stone. However, we didn't do any type of imaging which I have no idea if you're supposed to or not. I've never had one betore.

The doctor seemed of the opinion that I had a UTI that caused one which I saw that particular kind can grow really fast and has me a bit freaked out.

I went home and was basically told to just drink water and take ibuprofen and avo. The back pain came back nearly as severe as the first time.

Now I am having the urge to urinate to an extreme. Nausea. And lower back pain on my lower right side again. I also am constantly peeing brown speckled blood and blood clots. It is the week before my period but I don't normally spot much.

There is occasionally a pinching feeling in my utherea area but it isn't extremely sharp and kinds comes and goes. Sometimes it does take a bit of pressure to pee and I get nervous about being blocked.

Should I just take the doctor's word for this and keep just drinking water and hoping for the best? Is any of this abnormal?


r/KidneyStones • • 1d ago

Stone Removal Procedures What’s your experience after laser stone treatment?

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2 Upvotes

Help!
I have an appointment for laser treatment of my kidney stone (0.8 × 1.2 cm) located in the lower pole (inferior lobe) of my kidney.
It has been one year since it was detected, and its size and position haven’t changed.
I decided to proceed with the laser procedure this upcoming October 20th, but suddenly I feel scared.
Is this a good decision?
Has anyone here had a similar experience with a stone of the same size?
What was your recovery like after the laser treatment?
Could fragments get stuck in my ureter or urethra?
What should I do to prepare?


r/KidneyStones • • 1d ago

Stone Removal Procedures 2.5 cm mid-ureteral stricture — BMG ureteroplasty experiences?

1 Upvotes

I developed a 2.5 cm left mid-ureteral stricture following an impacted kidney stone and URS. I currently have a DJ stent, and my doctor has recommended Buccal Mucosal Graft (BMG) ureteroplasty.
Uretero-ureterostomy was considered unsuitable because the stricture is too long to join the ends without tension.
I’d love to hear from people who have undergone BMG ureteroplasty:
How was your recovery, and how long did you take to return to normal activities?
How long was your stent kept in place?
Have you experienced recurrence after several years?
How is your kidney function now?
Any recommendations for experienced surgeons, particularly in India/Delhi NCR?
Please share your firsthand experiences and long-term outcomes. Thank you!


r/KidneyStones • • 1d ago

Doctors/ Hospitals Pls share info on Ureteral Stricture

1 Upvotes

I developed a 2.5 cm left mid-ureteral stricture following an impacted kidney stone and URS. I currently have a DJ stent, and my doctor has recommended Buccal Mucosal Graft (BMG) ureteroplasty.
Uretero-ureterostomy was considered unsuitable because the stricture is too long to join the ends without tension.
I’d love to hear from people who have undergone BMG ureteroplasty:
How was your recovery, and how long did you take to return to normal activities?
Have you experienced recurrence after several months/years?
How is your kidney function now?
Any recommendations for experienced surgeons, particularly in India/Delhi NCR?
Please share your firsthand experiences and long-term outcomes. Thank you!


r/KidneyStones • • 1d ago

Pictures I guess i passed my some of the remaining stone after the URS laser surgery..

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3 Upvotes

I had surgery about 2 weeks ago.. and I have stent on me.. dr said they will remove after 30 days and today while urinating I felt something passed and i checked and I found this, i doubt that is this really came out of me or it was already in the toilet, idk I just felt something passed and i looked at toilet and found this... Does it look like kidney stone..? It's about 2.5mm and 1.5mm


r/KidneyStones • • 1d ago

Question/ Request for advice How screwed am I ?

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1 Upvotes

The pain is unbearable, please tell me did you guys pass of a 5 mm stone easily? Please share with me


r/KidneyStones • • 1d ago

Question/ Request for advice first time kidney stoner

1 Upvotes

hey everyone, i’m 22F and found out on friday i have kidney stones. not sure if ive fully passed one yet but the Dr’s said i have a few very small ones, and obviously the pain is absolutely vile.

if anyone has any tips on how to get through this as easy as i can that would be appreciated.

thanks :)


r/KidneyStones • • 1d ago

Sharing Experience 4.1 × 3.2 cm Staghorn Kidney Stone – 80% Uric Acid, 20% Oxalate

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3 Upvotes

I have a 4.1 × 3.2 cm staghorn kidney stone in my kidney, composed of 80% uric acid & 20% oxalate based on the smooth stones, with mild hydronephrosis and pyelitis. I've been expelling these smooth stones for the past few months. In the beginning of the year I expelled the uneven one which indeed caused the highest pain I've ever felt. However, with all sorts of imaging from cat scan, mri to ultrasound never found anything until two months ago. Why did I go from sharp stone to smooth ones? 🤔


r/KidneyStones • • 1d ago

Question/ Request for advice Question. Had surgery on September 17th for stone removal.

2 Upvotes

During my procedure the doctor shot some concentrate (not sure of name lol) through my ureter to my kidney bc it had mild hydronephrosis on the side that didn’t have the stones. She didn’t find anything and ultrasounds/xray/ct scans were clear too. I wasn’t even having issues before the surgery. Ever since she did that I’ve had a pain on and off on my right kidney that wasn’t even treated for anything. It’s crazy bc my kidney that has the stent has had less pain than when these episodes starts. My stent has been rough but more so in my lower back/bladder. I go back October 28th and will mention but hoping someone else maybe experienced this?? Seems weird


r/KidneyStones • • 1d ago

Pain Management CYSTOSCOPY; URETEROSCOPY, LASER LITHOTRIPSY, STONE BASKETING; STENT PLACEMENT

4 Upvotes

Scheduled for surgery on Monday. I have a low pain tolerance. I am a red head. I am terrified I won’t be given pain meds for afterwards. I have read they don’t typically give pain medication, and if they do it’s for a couple of days. Reading all these threads makes me wonder how it is ethical for providers to allow so much pain. I understand the risk for addiction, but it seems evil to not offer pain medication. For those who had this surgery, were you rxd pain meds? Or no?