A few things I noticed in these results:

- the 14% Portuguese but it doesn’t show up on Ancestry. Neither does the spanish part
- my last name is Croatian and my grandpa spoke Croatian growing up. but, his family did have history of moving around between there and Austria. So I’ve been trying to figure out that history. If anyone knows about Southern Austria ethic groups, I’d love to know!
- French Canadian (??) my dad is 16%.
- Igboland! An update in my DNA. It’s fascinating to see where my Mom’s side of the family came from. I’m learning so much!
- my grandma was 100% Irish and my dad’s DNA test were quite literally split between balkan and irish lol so no surprises there

but if anyone has any cool insight (that might be relevant) on these results, let me know! I’m always digging for some cool answers from family and online!

Father paternal: Baden-Württemberg - Germany, OstPrussia / Marienweder- former German empire modern day Poland, Northern Switzerland around Zürich, St-Hyacinthe Quebec, West-Vlaanderen Belgium

Father Maternal: Greek islander from mitilini Lesbos, Sicilian - Italy. England (old stock American unsure where from), County Kerry - Ireland, Glasgow - Scotland.

Mother Paternal: her father is from eastern Tennessee, Gœrsdorf Alsace-Lorraine ethnic Germans that were Lutheran in modern day France. Scots-Irish, English from Northumbria, Cherokee Native American from the smoky mountains, Welsh (unsure where in wales)

Mother maternal: my most recent American ancestors, Finnish from Southern Ostrobothnia and moved to the upper peninsula of Michigan. And Italian from L’aquila Abruzzo and Molise.

Both sides of my family fought in the revolutionary war on the side of the Americans against the British empire. Both sides fought for the union against the confederacy as well. Although I did find that my German-Tennessee ancestors were slave owners, but they fought for the union as they did not want the dissolution of the USA.

Fathers: side was Pennsylvania army during the civil war, mother’s side was Tennessee. Family is now in Michigan.

Paternal surnames: Schaefer, D’aigle, boulet, Michelides, Durham, Krieg, barnofsky, DeClaire

Maternal surnames: Bible (misspelling of the German biebel), Mustamaa, costanzo, Greene, McCormick

Thought it was pretty cool update.

https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(26)01199-201199-2)

Highlights
•
We generated 245 ancient genomes revealing Roman and early medieval Iberian diversity
•
Roman rule transformed Iberia into a genetically diverse population mosaic
•
Eastern Mediterranean and North African ancestry spread widely in Iberia
•
Migration period elites contributed ancestry without major population replacement

Summary

It has been unclear how Roman and later Germanic political control shaped the demography of Iberia and how it differed from other parts of Europe.

We report genetic data from 243 ancient individuals dating to 100–800 CE, analyzed alongside 58 previously published individuals. In Roman times, we document an influx of people with ancestry from the Eastern Mediterranean and an influx of North Africans, especially in the center and south. Beginning in the 5th century, Germanic and Alan (Sarmatian) groups assumed political control.

Although we identify individuals with Central-Northern European-associated ancestry, including siblings buried ∼725 km apart, the Hispano-Roman population remained continuous in Iberia. These demographic patterns contrast sharply with those in Britain, where major demographic change followed Rome’s collapse, and with those in the central Mediterranean, where both periods were associated with profound transformations.

Together, these findings highlight regional variation in admixture and continuity across post-Roman Europe.

Excerpts:

Ancestry modeling using qpAdm quantifies this shift. During the Roman period, only 6 out of 66 individuals (excluding close relatives) can be modeled using Iberian IA populations as the sole ancestry source (Table S301199-2#mmc4)A). However, IA Iberian ancestry is present in admixed form in most individuals, and even in late antiquity, we still find 11 individuals (out of 190 post-Roman Iberian genomes) whose genomes are consistent with deriving all their ancestry from local Iberian populations (Table S301199-2#mmc4)A).

Population structure during late antiquity is remarkably similar to that of Roman Iberia, with comparable ancestry heterogeneity (Figures 201199-2#fig2)B and 2C). Euclidean distances to group-specific centroids show no significant difference in genetic variance between the Roman and the late antique periods in the Ebro River basin, southeast Iberia, and Augusta Emerita (p = 0.30, 0.79, and 0.09, respectively), suggesting similar intra-group diversity across time in these regions.

The central Iberian plateau could not be evaluated for temporal change due to the absence of Roman-period samples. However, comparing all Roman-period individuals from other regions with those from the central plateau shows no significant difference in genetic variance (p = 0.79). Thus, although overall genetic heterogeneity remains elevated relative to the IA and does not differ significantly between the Roman and late antique periods, we observe a significant shift in population PCA position. Specifically, late antique individuals are significantly closer to their own centroid than to the Roman centroid (Wilcoxon test, p = 7.49 × 10-3), indicating a directional change in ancestry composition rather than changes in within-group variance. This pattern is consistent with the introduction of additional ancestry components during late antiquity into an already heterogeneous Roman population.

Eastern Mediterranean ancestry as a major contributor during the Roman period
Ancestry analysis of Roman-period individuals reveals significant ancient Eastern Mediterranean-related ancestry presence (Figures 201199-2#fig2)E–2H, purple polygon) modeled using Roman and Byzantine West Anatolian groups,2701199-2#bib27) which occupy an intermediate position in the WE PCA between present-day European and Near Eastern populations (Data S101199-2#mmc1); Figure S401199-2#mmc1)B).

This signal corresponds to an ancestry characteristic of the ancient Eastern Mediterranean peoples, particularly from the Western Anatolian coast, and is associated with major Roman imperial centers such as Ephesus, Pergamon, Smyrna, or Antioch. Overall, 55 out of 66 (83%) Roman-period Iberian individuals carry this ancestry, consistently observed across all three regions with Roman samples. In Augusta Emerita, proportions range from none to 13.8% (mean: 4.12% ± 2.6%); in the Ebro River basin, the mean is 28.9% ± 7.3%, detected as early as the 1st century CE at Emporiae1301199-2#bib13); and in the southeastern coastal region, the mean is 34.6% ± 6.1% (Table S301199-2#mmc4)A). This ancestry signal correlates with the appearance of new Y chromosome lineages such as J-L210, J-L26, and J-Z2177 (Table S101199-2#mmc2)A), absent in Bronze and IA Iberia but common in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean2701199-2#bib27) and present-day Near East.2801199-2#bib28)

These patterns are consistent with those observed elsewhere in the Roman Empire, including the imperial core in Rome and central Italy801199-2#bib8),901199-2#bib9) and the Danubian region,1101199-2#bib11) all showing marked shifts toward Eastern Mediterranean ancestry. While Iberia similarly received this input, individuals typically carry it in admixed form, in contrast to the fully Eastern Mediterranean-derived individuals observed in Italy and at the Danubian-Balkan frontier. This difference may partly reflect a gap in our transect for the Republican and early imperial periods (∼200 BCE–200 CE), when mobility may have peaked but cremation was common, limiting DNA recovery. As a result, our data cannot distinguish whether this ancestry reflects direct migration from the eastern provinces, movement via another region, especially the imperial core, or a combination of both. Further integration of mobility proxies, particularly mobility-related isotopes, could help clarify these scenarios.

The latest individual modeled as unadmixed Eastern Mediterranean (I20275) was buried at the Les Goges site (Ebro River basin, northeastern Iberia) and dates from the late 7th century CE, suggesting that some migratory links between Iberia and the wider Mediterranean persisted after the decline of Roman rule. This later connectivity was plausibly mediated by the eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, which remained influential in Iberian culture and economy, ruling the southeastern coast down to ∼624 CE, or even by the expanding Umayyad Caliphate.

Disproportionate Eastern Mediterranean ancestry relative to Italic ancestry

Italica was the first Roman settlement established in the Iberian Peninsula, founded by Scipio in 206 BCE to accommodate veterans of the Second Punic War and named after his Italic troops.2901199-2#bib29) Historical sources2901199-2#bib29),3001199-2#bib30)and epigraphic evidence3101199-2#bib31) indicate that coloniae such as Italica and Augusta Emerita hosted substantial migration from the Italian Peninsula.

However, among the 269 newly reported and previously published individuals from Roman and late antique Iberia with sufficient aDNA preservation for genome-wide analysis, only eight show clear genetic ancestry from the Italian Peninsula or the central Mediterranean region (Tables S101199-2#mmc2)A, S1B, and S301199-2#mmc4)A; information compiled in Table S601199-2#mmc7)). Individual I26172, recovered from Malaca and dated to 126–232 CE, derived all her ancestry from a Central Mediterranean source3201199-2#bib32) (Data S101199-2#mmc1), section 5.3). She was an elderly woman buried with exotic grave goods, including a Levantine-style jug and multiple oil lamps.3301199-2#bib33)Similarly, individual I37213 from Cortijo Coracho Basilica necropolis (4th century CE) carried admixed ancestry, with ∼30% traced to a central Italian source (Table S301199-2#mmc4)A; information compiled in Table S601199-2#mmc7)). These are the only two Roman-period individuals in the dataset with such ancestry. The remaining six individuals with Central Mediterranean or central Italian-related ancestry3001199-2#bib30) derive from post-Roman contexts (Table S301199-2#mmc4)A; information compiled in Table S601199-2#mmc7)).

A similar pattern has been observed in other heavily Romanized regions of the empire. For instance, genomic analyses of the Roman Balkans revealed negligible demographic impact from IA Italian ancestry.1101199-2#bib11) Even in Rome and central Italy, Eastern Mediterranean ancestry predominated during the imperial period.801199-2#bib8),901199-2#bib9) Therefore, the limited Italic ancestry detected in our transect reflects a wider phenomenon, whereby Eastern Mediterranean populations became the main demographic force behind the increased mobility associated with imperial rule in these regions.

Large-scale gene flow originating from North Africa

In addition to Eastern Mediterranean influence, a North African genetic signal becomes prominent in the Roman period, reflected by a shift toward PCA space occupied by ancient North Africans (Figures 101199-2#fig1)C–1F, yellow polygon). As a surrogate for this signal, we use ancient individuals with fully North African ancestry excavated in Punic contexts3201199-2#bib32) (n = 4) (Figures 101199-2#fig1)C–1F, yellow polygon; Table S101199-2#mmc2)B; Data S101199-2#mmc1), section 5.1).

Previous work1301199-2#bib13) detected North African ancestry in four Roman-period individuals from one site in Granada (southeastern coast region). We now document this signal in 33 of 34 Roman-period individuals, with an average ancestry of 26.9% ± 2.5% (Table S301199-2#mmc4)A; information compiled in Table S601199-2#mmc7)). These individuals derive from three urban sites (coastal ancient Malacaand Baria and inland Acinipo) and one rural inland site, Cortijo Coracho Basilica, near present-day Lucena (Córdoba). This ancestry is also present in nearly all individuals from the seven late antique sites from this area, with the highest proportions observed at coastal sites such as Baria, where one individual (I18199; 432–551 CE) derives 94.7% of his ancestry from North African sources, and Arroyo Vaquero near the Strait of Gibraltar.

North African ancestry is not restricted to southeastern Iberia but is also detected elsewhere at lower proportions (Figures 201199-2#fig2)E–2H). In the central Iberian plateau, it is present at six late antique sites, ranging from 0% to 85% (average across sites: 15.5% ± 2.9%); only 7 of 31 individuals lack any North African signal (Tables S101199-2#mmc2)A and S301199-2#mmc4)A; information compiled in Table S601199-2#mmc7)). At Augusta Emerita, out of 5 Roman-period individuals, one female (I23773) is entirely North African, and two others also carry this ancestry. In northeast Iberia, North African ancestry is present in eight sites and in about two-thirds of Roman-period individuals (n = 17 of 27), ranging from 0% to 25% (average: 6.6% ± 2.2%) (Table S301199-2#mmc4)A; information compiled in Table S601199-2#mmc7)), and more intensively around Tarraco. As in Augusta Emerita, this hints that the signal was linked to mobility attracted to the provincial capitals.

Supporting the autosomal results, we find a significant increase in uniparental lineages of likely African origin3401199-2#bib34)across the four study regions, including mitochondrial haplogroups L1, L2, and L3 and the North African-specific U6 (15 of 298 analyzed individuals in our transect versus two out of 442 individuals before the Roman period1301199-2#bib13),3501199-2#bib35); chi-square test, p = 7.17 × 10-5), or Y chromosome haplogroup E1b (8 of 130 analyzed males in our transect versus 2 out of 189 pre-Roman males, excluding close relatives; chi-square test, p =0.013) (Table S101199-2#mmc2)A), which reaches peak frequencies in present-day northwest Africa.3601199-2#bib36) These lineages coexist with others associated with pre-Roman populations, such as R1b-P312, supporting the admixed nature of the Roman Iberian population.

Compared with other imperial regions, North African gene flow into Iberia was significantly more intense and widespread, appearing in a large portion of individuals. On the Danubian frontier, only 3 of 132 individuals harbor North African ancestry, and one carried East African ancestry.1101199-2#bib11) Similarly, only 2 out of 48 individuals in the greater Rome region during the imperial period show substantial North African ancestry,801199-2#bib8) despite the capital’s intensive shipping links with North Africa and its demographic attraction.

While North African ancestry is absent in all available IA individuals from indigenous contexts, some individuals from Phoenician/Punic coastal colonies (n = 5 of 27) do display it.1301199-2#bib13),3201199-2#bib32) However, even when pooling both indigenous and colonial contexts as a pre-Roman baseline (n = 51) (Data S101199-2#mmc1), section 5.1; Table S101199-2#mmc2)B), the Roman and late antique periods display significantly higher North African ancestry (p = 1.85 × 10-6). The Roman period thus marks the first widespread, large-scale North African gene flow into Iberia.

Where Christianity entered the Iberian Peninsula remains debated,601199-2#bib6) with some scholars3701199-2#bib37) proposing its introduction via North Africa. We present genomic data from 31 individuals excavated at the Christian Basilica del Cortijo Coracho near Lucena (southeastern Iberia), dated between the 4th and 5th centuries CE. With one exception, all individuals with sufficient genomic data (n = 30) carried North African ancestry (ranging 6%–76%; average proportion: 25.0% ± 2.4%) (Table S301199-2#mmc4)A; information compiled in Table S601199-2#mmc7)). Additionally, we reconstructed a four-generation family network of 16 individuals (Figure S201199-2#mmc1)), mostly modeled with the three-way admixture profile typical of southern Hispano-Roman populations, combining local Iberian, Eastern Mediterranean Roman, and North African ancestries. Since over half of the sampled individuals belong to this extended kin group, with North African ancestry ranging from 0% to 32% (average: 19.2% ± 2.3%), the community appears tightly knit and highly integrated (Table S301199-2#mmc4)A; information compiled in Table S601199-2#mmc7)). This provides a snapshot of a nascent Christian community with substantial North African ancestry, hinting that this large-scale input might have involved cultural diffusion influencing the religious landscape of late antique Iberia. Our data thus provide genetic evidence for sustained links between Iberia and North Africa during this period, complementing historical evidence for rapid Christian spread through Eastern Mediterranean diasporas and western imperial routes, particularly along shipping routes between Carthage and Iberia.3801199-2#bib38)Carthage played a pivotal role in translating Christian traditions into Latin, well before Rome shifted from Greek to Latin liturgy in the 3rd–4th centuries.3801199-2#bib38) In this light, the high North African genetic signal in this Christian community may reflect migration that contributed to Iberian cultural change via demic transmission.

Population-level emergence of Central-Northern European ancestry during the migration period

During the migration period, northern and eastern European groups moved into southern Europe, often replacing Roman imperial control with regional kingdoms under the rule of Germanic kings. In Iberia, this included the arrival of the Suebi, Vandals, Alans, and Visigoths,1401199-2#bib14) each with distinct origins, migration routes, and interactions with other populations along the way.1101199-2#bib11),3901199-2#bib39),4001199-2#bib40) Their presence is traced through Central-Northern European (CNE)-like ancestry in autosomal ancestry and uniparental markers largely absent in earlier Iberian populations.
Our genetic evidence reveals the sporadic presence of a CNE-related ancestry in the Iberian Peninsula prior to the migration period, much like other areas such as the Danubian frontier.1101199-2#bib11) Previous studies show that individuals from northeastern Iberia already carry detectable CNE ancestry (Data S101199-2#mmc1), section 5.2), indicating sporadic contact with populations beyond the northern limits of Iberia before the large-scale migrations of the 5th century CE.1301199-2#bib13) In total, 6 of 66 Roman-period individuals carry CNE-like ancestry, corresponding to an average of 2.9% ± 0.7% (Table S301199-2#mmc4)A; information compiled in Table S601199-2#mmc7)). Four individuals come from Tarraco (n = 2, I19795 and I19798; with 68.5% and 14.1% CNE-like ancestry, respectively) and Emporiae (n = 2, I10866 and I8475; with 41.3% and 16.6% CNE-like ancestry, respectively), major provincial hubs with strong trade connections to southern Gaul4101199-2#bib41),4201199-2#bib42); only individual I10866 is directly radiocarbon dated (44 BCE–61 CE). The remaining two individuals (I37208 and I35942) with this ancestry were recovered from Coracho Basilica (Table S301199-2#mmc4)A) and dated by archaeological context. Out of these six individuals, five lack direct radiocarbon dates, so their attribution to the pre-migration period remains uncertain, and some may instead belong to the early migration period stages; caution is therefore warranted in interpreting them as firmly pre-migration.1101199-2#bib11),3401199-2#bib34)
The scenario shifts during the migration and Visigothic periods, when 53 of 164 individuals (32%) across Iberia exhibit CNE-like ancestry, with an increased average of 22.8% ± 2.6%.

57,1% Asia
30,4% Europe
6,8% America
5,8% Africa

Where do I look like I’m from? Most ppl say I’m ethnically ambiguous. (also reupload cuz last post got removed)

I am Polish, but I also have confirmed Ukrainian roots. My Polish ancestors were mostly from Southern and Eastern Poland and my Ukrainian heritage comes from the village of Molodiatyn, Ivano-Frankivska Oblast' and also from former Ukrainian village in today's Eastern Poland

Mother is of Dominican descent, and my father was half-Puerto Rican, half-African American.

I'm Mexican American. :)

They keep dramatically changing my results every time they update 😂 but it is interesting to see it getting more and more accurate each time. It used to say I was Chinese, Vietnamese, and Thai 😭. For context: my father is mixed with Asian and black.

Jamaican mother and Trinidadian father

New First slide Vs Old Second slide.

https://journals.rcsi.science/0016-6758/article/view/466869

Abstract
The burials in St. Sophia Cathedral in Veliky Novgorod are among the most important historical and archaeological features associated with several ancient Rus’ princely houses.

This study aimed to genetically identify remains presumably belonging to one of the Rurikid princes buried in the Martiryevskaya Porch of St. Sophia Cathedral in a 12th-century stone sarcophagus. Archaeological and historical data indicate that the individual belonged to the highest social stratum.

Using genomic sequencing data, the Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups were determined. Y-chromosome analysis identified haplogroup I2a in the individual. At present, there is no scientific consensus regarding which haplogroup was historically characteristic of the Rurikid dynasty.

Although haplogroup N1a has been determined for a number of modern and ancient putative representatives of the dynasty, these data are not exhaustive and do not cover the entire genetic diversity of the lineage as a whole; thus, the question of the “true” (ancestral) Y-chromosome line of Rurik remains open.

The obtained result does not preclude the existence of a parallel paternal lineage in one of the branches of the dynasty and contributes to our understanding of the genealogy of the ruling houses of ancient Rus’.