Non-Chemist here (so bare with me) what is charge, how does it work and how does positive and negative charge come about (mainly how do subatomic particles be charged

I just find it the most interesting. Its the heaviest element, its 2.7x rarer than gold, and its just beautiful with its dark blue colour. I love holding them and staring at them.

I clearly remember watching it about a year or less ago but forgot the exact title and channel name, it was one of the smaller ones I think. Not sure if it got deleted or I just cant find it, if you remember it please give some info.

Molten rock may carry an oxygen reserve that standard chemical calculations overlook. High-pressure experiments show that basaltic melts exposed to oxygen-rich conditions can retain substantial extra oxygen, potentially adding a missing component to models of Earth’s interior.

The study in National Science Review combines laboratory measurements with atomic-scale simulations. Yanhao Lin and Ho-Kwang Mao of the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, known as HPSTAR, led the work with collaborators. The team included Haiyang Niu of Northwestern Polytechnical University and Wim van Westrenen of Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, with Yongjiang Xu as first author.

The results raise a larger possibility: some rising magmas could transfer oxidizing power from deep reservoirs toward the surface. Establishing that capacity, however, is different from demonstrating how much oxygen natural magmas actually carry or release.

Hello，I'm Captain Iridium, first-time poster here!

I have loved corrosion-resistant metals for 34 years and have been handcrafting rings from pure refractory metals （Ir, Ru, Rh, Re, Ta, Nb, Hf, Zr, etc.) since 2010.

This is a ring I made from pure Rhenium.
Rhenium is very difficult to work with and polish.I have spent 16 years improving my hand-polishing skills for rare metals. It was a big challenge to polish each small hammered mark into a true mirror shine, with zero coating or plating.

Among all the metals in the periodic table, Rhenium is my 4th favorite metal—right after Iridium, Rhodium, and Tantalum. At room temperature, Rhenium in compact (solid) form hardly reacts with air or water, and it can resist hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid under normal conditions. Some articles say that Rhenium can even withstand aqua regia, but that is completely wrong! (In fact, Rhenium dissolves easily in nitric acid and aqua regia.) The reason for this myth is that a book named Corrosion Guide misspelled "Rhodium" as "Rhenium". Many later books and articles blindly cited that chapter, spreading such a big mistake!😁😁😁

I purchased an Ecolox Tech Eco One hypochlorous acid generator in 2020, when all disinfectants were sold out for months.

I’ve been using it for years without any noticeable issues. However, I just read today that you can accidentally create chlorine gas with one of these machines.

I’m scared now, lol. I was homeschooled, and my parent just didn’t teach chemistry at all. I don’t know ANYTHING about chemistry, and I’ve been puttering around with this potentially dangerous machine for years in complete ignorance. I follow the instructions and go about my merry way, lol.

Could you guys please help me understand how I can continue to use this machine safely? And could you tell me what I should avoid doing?

I always use the same recipe:

0.5 Liter of water
1 gram of fine kosher salt
0.5 teaspoon of white vinegar

Run the machine for 8 minutes. The light comes on and the machine and liquid inside heats up a little bit (is that okay?) and bubbles and then shuts off automatically.

I then pour the liquid into a spray bottle, rinse the machine and let air dry.

This is supposed to create 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid. I’ve never used any test strips, but it smells and feels like my Avenova spray (which is a weaker hypochlorous acid for my eyelids) so I just assumed that the machine is doing its job.

Found at an antique store in California, the lady told me it was empty. I went home and checked (with gloves but then got paranoid so now it’s double bagged)

Edit: okay so the lady in the store opened it and looked inside with her flashlight and said it was empty.

Anyone with experience on these able to help?

Methanol flame with Na+ ions turns almost black when irradiated with a low pressure sodium lamp, the sodium ions in the flame absorb the same wavelengths emitted by the lamp.

Tengo dificultades para estabilizar el tamaño de particula en una formulación SC durante la estabilidad acelerada. Estoy trabajando con dos activos, uno de la familia de piridiniletilbenzamidas y otro de triazoles. En 500 g/L.

Hi everyone,

I'm installing an electric furnace inside a glovebox for research experiments. The furnace will operate at temperatures up to 700°C.

I need help selecting the correct wire inside the glovebox, specifically to connect the furnace's electrical terminals to the internal side of a Kurt J. Lesker power feedthrough.

Could anyone recommend what type of wire would be suitable for this setup?

I've also attached some photos for reference.

Thanks in advance!

assuming the language barrier doesn’t exist, I think my first move would be to write down literally everything I know about chemistry incase I forget it.

Maybe you could impress a lord to gain favour or something like that…

My organic chemistry class just finished covering acid-base chemistry, and I tried to find interesting applications highlighting the concepts. I came across this paper and learned about lysosomal trapping: Charifson, P. S.; Walters, W. P. Acidic and Basic Drugs in Medicinal Chemistry: A Perspective. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2014, 57 (22), 9701–9717. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm501000a The basic idea is that un-ionized molecules (specifically neutral bases, B:) can easily cross lipid membranes by passive diffusion while ionized molecules (as the conjugate acids, BH⁺) cannot; as a result, basic drugs can become trapped inside acidic compartments once they pick up a proton. This can have serious impacts on the toxicity of a drug. As such, medicinal chemists will often modify the structure of a drug candidate to modulate its pKa (by adding electron withdrawing groups) to avoid lysosomal trapping.

Trying to explain this to students without visuals was difficult. So I played around with Gemini and was able to make an interactive simulation that can be used to illustrate lysosomal trapping. By adjusting the pKa of the drug, the simulation allows students to see how the ionized form (BH⁺) can accumulate in the acidic environment of the lysosome; alternatively, adjusting the pKa so it is similar to the pH of the lysosome allows a higher percentage of the drug to stay in the neutral form (B:), thereby avoiding concentration in the lysosome. The simulation uses the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate the percentage of the drug in its neutral and ionized state (depending on the pKa of the molecule and the pH of the environment).

Let me know what you think. If you have any suggestions for improvement, please let me know.

Exhaust does not stop changing when it leaves an engine. Reactions in the atmosphere can produce new particles and alter the chemistry of existing ones. In laboratory experiments, aircraft-combustor emissions became substantially more reactive as researchers simulated days of exposure to atmospheric oxidants.

Their oxidative potential per unit particle mass increased six- to sevenfold after aging equivalent to approximately 12 days. Emissions from a marine diesel engine showed a different pattern in the same chemical test. The contrast suggests that freshly emitted exhaust alone cannot describe how particle reactivity develops in the air.

The study, published in Environmental Science Atmospheres, was led by Markus Kalberer’s group at the University of Basel. Alexandre Barth and Battist Utinger were its two first authors. The work examined chemical indicators associated with potential harm, rather than measuring disease or demonstrating a corresponding increase in human toxicity.

I was talking to a classmate about something I read online regarding as far as I can remember salicylic acid from aspirin? I found that super interesting! I love reading about stuff like that, not in terms of doing it, it is obviously unsafe and et cetera but, the little workarounds and methods interest me because its something I have an actual frame of reference for, which I don’t for like normal synthesis using typical laboratory equipment and complex organic chemistry methods (1st year lol)

I should reiterate that I understand that this is bad and dangerous and it’s only an interest in the same vein as like watching a murder documentary or something.

but they acted like it was strange for me to be intrigued by it, and that “the only chemistry work I’m interested in is during our labs” and I don’t know, it came off as very uncurious to me, and so my question is,

Is it frowned upon to be interested by this? (as a CONCEPT), or is it like someone studying forensic science being very interested in how to get away with murder? Is this something that could cause me trouble? (I don’t see why it would)

thanks!

New video showing more in depth how the Julia Molecular Dynamics code works, and the different tools in the program I made. Also there is a link to GitHub if someone wants to download the program

Ive been looking for one for a while now since i got bored of Noita. i have tried factorio, spacechem, opus magnum, sokobond and ect. but i dont like any of those any suggestions?

As I am just a 1st year student I can't access to some research documents, because I am not part of an institution? would someone dowload the documents for me and send it? I am really interested in energetics compounds lately, so it would be nice having some research documents I can read. I think its too bad that research isnt accessible by anyone.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00741602

Looking from afar at the Mathematics community scrambling right now after the OpenAI proof dump, I wonder how Chemistry will fare in the long run.

It doesn’t seem to me, however, that Chemistry is capable of being completely taken over by AI.

Osmium is Osmium. It’s a raw natural element. How can an AI really approach that?

I suppose maybe one day robot humanoids could become the chemists in the Lab? Seems ridiculous to put the money into that though.

Overall, I feel like chemistry is on the safer side. But then there‘s also Quantum Computing to think about.

I am asking as someone trying to decide what to pursue in school.