Funerary Mask 02

Funerary mask of gilded and painted cartonnage, from an unidentified mummified person : Ancient Egyptian, Upper Egypt, possibly Abydos or Faiyum, Ptolemaic Period, c. 323 - 30 BC

This item is not on display

Collection
World Culture

Object number
A.1902.306.29

Object name
Funerary mask

Production information
Egypt, Northern Africa
323 - 30 BC

Culture / Style
Ptolemaic Period, Ancient Egyptian

Materials
Cartonnage

Collection place(s)
Abydos, Upper Egypt, Egypt, Northern Africa
Faiyum, Middle Egypt, Egypt, Northern Africa

Associations
Depicted: Osiris

References
WARD, E 1912. Guide to the Collection of Egyptian Antiquities (Edinburgh: His Majesty’s Stationery Office) : 31, pl. IX
GRIMM, G 1974. Die römische Mumienmasken aus Ägypten (Wiesbaden: Frank Steiner): 45 n.6, 126
Manley, B and Dodson, A., (2010) Life Everlasting. National Museums Scotland Collection of Ancient Egyptian Coffins (Edinburgh: NMS Enterprises Ltd.), Cat. 40, p. 111

Title
Funerary Mask 02, Ptolemaic Period, c. 323 - 30 BC, Findspot unknown Egypt, Cartonnage, National Museums of Scotland

https://www.nms.ac.uk/collections/search/object?entry=301430&school-style-generic=ancient+egyptian&material=Cartonnage&page=1&view=cards

National Museums of Scotland

Votive Statuette / God / Crocodile

Copper alloy votive statuette in bronze of Sobek as a crocodile, recumbent wearing the atef crown and uraeus, with inlaid eyes: Ancient Egyptian, Late Period, c.664 - 332 BC

This item is on display
National Museum Of Scotland, Level 5, World Cultures, Ancient Egypt Rediscovered
View museum map

Collection
World Culture

Object number
A.1965.388

Object name
Votive statuette / god / crocodile

Production information
Egypt, Northern Africa
Late Period, Ancient Egypt

Culture / Style
Ancient Egyptian

Materials
Copper alloy

Collection place(s)
Egypt, Northern Africa

Exhibitions
Ancient Egypt Rediscovered (08 Feb 2019)
National Museum of Scotland
Ancient Egypt (29 Jul 2011)
National Museum of Scotland
Egyptian Gallery, 2003 - 2008(2003 - 2008)
Royal Scottish Museum

Title
Votive Statuette / God / Crocodile, Late Period, c.664 - 332 BC, Findspot unknown Egypt, Copper alloy, National Museums of Scotland

https://www.nms.ac.uk/collections/search/object?entry=299567&school-style-generic=ancient+egyptian&page=3&view=cards

National Museums of Scotland

King Menkaura (Mycerinus) and Queen

Egyptian
Old Kingdom, Dynasty 4, reign of Menkaura
[2490–2472](tel:2490%E2%80%932472) B.C.
Findspot: Egypt, Giza, Menkaura Valley Temple

MEDIUM/TECHNIQUE
Greywacke

DIMENSIONS
Overall: 142.2 x 57.1 x 55.2 cm, 676.8 kg (56 x 22 1/2 x 21 3/4 in., 1492.1 lb.)
Block (Wooden skirts and two top): 53.3 x 180 x 179.7 cm (21 x 70 7/8 x 70 3/4 in.)

CREDIT LINE
Harvard University—Boston Museum of Fine Arts Expedition

ACCESSION NUMBER
11.1738

ON VIEW
Egypt: Old Kingdom Sculptures Gallery (Gallery 113)

COLLECTIONS
Ancient Egypt, Nubia and the Near East

CLASSIFICATIONS
Sculpture

DESCRIPTION
At twilight on January 18, 1910, a young boy beckoned George Reisner to the Menkaura Valley Temple. There, emerging from a robbers' pit into which it had been discarded were the tops of two heads of a pair statue, perfectly preserved and nearly life-size. This was the modern world's first glimpse of one of humankind's artistic masterworks, the statue of Menkaura and queen.

The two figures stand side-by-side, gazing into eternity. He represents the epitome of kingship and the ideal human male form. She is the ideal female. He wears the nemes on his head, a long artificial beard, and a wraparound kilt with central tab, all of which identify him as king. In his hand he clasps what may be abbreviated forms of the symbols of his office. His high cheekbones, bulbous nose, slight furrows running diagonally from his nose to the corners of his mouth, and lower lip thrust out in a slight pout, may be seen on her as well, although her face has a feminine fleshiness, which his lacks. Traces of red paint remain on his face and black paint on her wig.

His broad shoulders, taut torso, and muscular arms and legs, all modeled with subtlety and restraint, convey a latent strength. In contrast, her narrow shoulders and slim body, whose contours are apparent under her tight-fitting sheath dress, represent the Egyptian ideal of femininity. As is standard for sculptures of Egyptian men, his left foot is advanced, although all his weight remains on the right foot. Typically, Egyptian females are shown with both feet together, but here, the left foot is shown slightly forward. Although they stand together sharing a common base and back slab, and she embraces him, they remain aloof and share no emotion, either with the viewer or each other.

Who is represented here? The base of the statue which is usually inscribed with the names and titles of the subject represented, was left unfinished and never received the final polish of most of the rest of the statue. Because it was found in Menkaura's Valley Temple and because it resembles other statues from the same findspot bearing his name, there is no doubt that the male figure is King Menkaura. Reisner suggested that the woman was Queen Khamerernebty II, the only of Menkaura's queens known by name. She, however, had only a mastaba tomb, while two unidentified queens of Menkaura had small pyramids. Others have suggested that she represents the goddess Hathor, although she exhibits no divine attributes. Because later kings are often shown with their mothers, still other scholars have suggested that the woman by Menkaura's side may be his mother. However, in private sculptures when a man and woman are shown together and their relationship is indicated, they are most often husband and wife. Because private sculpture is modeled after royal examples, this suggests that she is indeed one of Menkaura's queens, but ultimately, the name of the woman represented in this splendid sculpture may never be known.

PROVENANCE
From Giza, Menkaura Valley Temple. 1909: excavated by the Harvard University-Museum of Fine Arts Expedition; 1911: assigned to the MFA by the Egyptian government
(Accession Date: March 2, 1911)

Title
King Menkaura (Mycerinus) and Queen, Old Kingdom, Dynasty 4, reign of Menkaura
[2490–2472](tel:2490%E2%80%932472) B.C., Findspot: Egypt, Giza, Menkaura Valley Temple, Greywacke, The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

https://collections.mfa.org/objects/230/king-menkaura-mycerinus-and-queen?ctx=9ca5f621-3fda-4854-be97-d69d73b5a4dd&idx=5

The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

My first pieces of Egyptian artifacts. A set of Ushabti and a small bronze of Isis-as-Fortuna from the Roman period. I'm still sweating about the purchase though. What should I really be looking at when it comes to Egyptian artifacts and assessing authenticity? I know they are widely counterfeited. Anyway, super excited to hold what is by far the oldest new piece for my collection and I thought yall might appreciate them.

Triple Compartment Funeral Servant Box

-1069 / -943 (?) (XXI dynasty)

N 4124; Durand no. 292; ED 117

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory numberMain number: N 4124

Previous coll. no.: Durand no. 292

Sales number: ED 117

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation: triple-ply funeral servant's box

Description/FeaturesDecoration: front face; heart weight; man (standing, wig in pockets, pleated front and folding linen skirt, shirt with sleeves, front) ; Horakhty (god with falcon head, seated, linen shroud, uraeus solar disk, holding, heqa scepter, flail, djed pillar) ; Anubis (god with canine head, standing) ; Thot (god with ibis head, standing, holding, scribe's palette) ; scale

back; scene of worship; man (standing, in front); Osiris (seated); Isis (standing, sign of Isis); Nephthys (standing, sign of Nephthys); nebula; sign of the West

right side; left side; man (adoring); the four sons of Horus

Registrations Writing:
hieroglyphic

Nature of the text:
Formula of ouchebtis

Funeral formulas

Names and titles
Tchaounhouy (superior of the scribes of the House of Gold of the domain of Amun); Pakaoutyou (?); Horakhty; Osiris; Isis; the 4 sons of Horus; Thot

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions Height: 43.5 cm; Length: 44 cm; Width: 16 cm

Materials and techniques Material: wood

Technique: painting

Color: yellow ochre

PLACES AND DATES

Date XXIst dynasty (attribution according to style) (-1069 - -943)

HISTORY

Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / DedicateeDurand, Edme, Antoine, Seller; Collector

Acquisition details purchase

Acquisition date date of registration in the inventory: 02/03/1825

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

LOCATION OF OBJECT

Current location
Sully, [AE] Room 320 - The tombs, Vitrine 5

index

Mode of acquisition purchase

Name Box for funeral servants with triple compartments

Materials wood

Painting techniques

Description/Features scribe palette - scale - djed pillar - nemes - uraeus solar disk - Osiris - Thot - Isis sign - Nephthys sign - sign of the West - worshipping - holding - front - left face - right face - front face - back face - weighing of the heart - man - worship scene - seated - standing - heqa scepter - flail - Isis - Nephthys - Horakhty - the four sons of Horus - ibis-headed god - falcon-headed god - jackal-headed god - Anubis - pleated linen draped over a banner and hanging down - shroud - pouch wig - long-sleeved shirt

Names and titles
Pakaoutyou - Tchaounhouy - Thot - the 4 sons of Horus - Horakhty - Isis - Osiris - superior of the scribes of the house of money of the domain of Amun

Period XXI dynasty

Nature of text formules of ouchebtis - funeral formulas

Scriptigraphic

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Farout, Dominique, Ancient Egypt and hieroglyphs, Paris, Louvre editions; Flammarion jeunesse, 2022, ill. p. 50

Siesse, Julien, "About some unpublished elements of the funerary furniture of Soutymès (beginning of the XXIst dynasty)," Revue d'Égyptologie (RdE), 70, 2020, p. 161-188, p. 173-175

Guichard, Sylvie (dir.), Champollion, Jean-François, Descriptive notice of Egyptian monuments of the Charles X Museum, Paris, Louvre editions / editions Khéops, 2013, p. 292, ill. p. 290-291, R. 12

Sousa, Rogério, The Heart of Wisdom: Studies on the Heart Amulet in Ancient Egypt, Oxford, Archaeopress, (BAR International Series 2211), 2011, p. 32 note 34

Etienne, Marc (dir.), Journey to the Afterlife. Egyptian Antiquities from the Louvre, cat. exp. (Australia, Canberra, National Gallery of Australia, November 17, 2006 - February 25, 2007; Adelaide, March 21 - July 1, 2007; Perth, July 21 - October 28, 2007), Sidney; Paris, Art Exhibitions Australia; Louvre Museum, 2006, p. 85, ill. p. 85, no. 109

Ziegler, Christiane; Andreu, Guillemette; Suzuki, Madoka (dir.), The Egyptian man based on the masterpieces of the Louvre, exhibition cat. (Nagoya, Municipal Museum, March 29-May 22, 2005; Fukuoka, Municipal Museum June 4-July 18, 2005; Tokyo, Metropolitan Museum, August 2-October 2, 2005), NHK Promotions, 2005, p. 177; 250-251, ill. p. 177, no. 141

Link, Li-Li (dir.), Eternal Egypt: 4000 years of civilization, exhibition cat. (Taipei, November 21, 2003 - November 7, 2004), Taipei, Jio Kuan Culture, Production and Management, 2004, p. 240-241, 295, illus. p. 240-241, No. 161

Chaouabtis, pharaonic workers for eternity, cat. exp. (Paris, Louvre Museum, 2003), Paris, Editions of the National Museums Union, 2003, p. 16, 42, ill. p. 42, no. 20

Munro, Irmtraut, Spruchvorkommen auf Totenbuch-Textzeugen der Dritten Zwischenzeit, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz, (Studien zum Altägyptischen Totenbuch (SAT) ; 5), 2001, p. 100, 134, no. 328

Faivre-Martin, Évelyne, Hieroglyphs user guide, Paris, Reunion des musées nationaux, 2000, p. 37, ill. p. 37

Andreu, Guillemette; Rigault, Patricia; Traunecker, Claude, The ABCdaire of Ancient Egypt, Paris, Flammarion, 1999, p. 84, ill. p. 84

Andreu, Guillemette; Rutschowscaya, Marie-Hélène; Ziegler, Christiane, Ancient Egypt at the Louvre, [Louvre Museum, Paris], Paris, Hachette, 1997, p. 163-164; 254, ill. p. 164; p. 165, no. 78

Ziegler, Christiane; Letellier, Bernadette; Delange, Élisabeth; Pierrat-Bonnefois, Geneviève; Barbotin, Christophe; Étienne, Marc, Egyptian antiquities: visitor guide, 1, [Louvre Museum, Paris], Paris, Editions of the National Museums Association, 1997, p. 90

Aston, David A., "The shabti box: a typological study", Oudheidkundige mededelingen uit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden (OMRO), 74, 1994, p. 21-54, p. 26-27, 43, 45

Delacampagne, Christian; Lessing, Erich, Immortelle Egypt, Paris, Éditions de la Martinière, 1994, p. 101, ill. p. 101

Bridonneau, Catherine, "The Book of Death and Funeral Customs", Le Monde de la Bible, 78, 1992, p. 29-35, p. 33, fig. 37 p. 33

De Meulenaere, Herman; Clarysse, Willy, "Notes on Theban prosopography", Chronique d'Égypte (CdE), 53, 106, 1978, p. 226-253, p. 228

Beinlich-Seeber, Christine, Untersuchungen zur Darstellung des Totengerichts im alten Ägypten, Munich / Berlin, Deutscher Kunstverlag, (Münchner Ägyptologische Studien (MÄS) ; 35), 1976, p. 215, no. 26

Porter, Bertha; Moss, Rosalind L.B., Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings, 1.2, The Theban Necropolis. Royal Tombs and Smaller Cemeteries, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1964, Available at: http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/topbib/pdf/pm1-2.pdf, p. 837

Vandier, Jacques, Summary Guide, [Louvre Museum, Paris. Department of Egyptian Antiquities], Paris, Editions des Musées Nationaux, 1952, p. 69

Vandier, Jacques, Summary Guide, [Louvre Museum, Paris. Department of Egyptian Antiquities], Paris, Editions des Musées Nationaux, 1948, p. 68

Boreux, Charles, Summary catalogue guide, vol.2, First floor halls (Charles X halls), [Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian antiquities], Paris, Editions des musées nationaux, 1932, Available at: https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.56340 , p. 327

Champollion, Jean-François, Descriptive notice of Egyptian monuments of the Charles X Museum, Paris, Crapelet printing press, 1827, Available at: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1040365n, p. 139, R. 12

Totenbuchprojekt Bonn, [University of Bonn], Available at: https://totenbuch.awk.nrw.de/ , totenbuch.awk.nrw.de/objekt/tm135420, TM 135420

Trismegistos, Available on: <www.trismegistos.org>, www.trismegistos.org/text/135420, TM 135420

EXHIBITION HISTORY
- Journey to the Afterlife. Egyptian Antiquities from the Louvre, Perth (Australia), Art Gallery of western Australia, 21/07/2007 - 28/10/2007, stage of an itinerant exhibition

- Journey to the Afterlife. Egyptian Antiquities from the Louvre, Adelaide (Australia), Art Gallery of South Australia, 21/03/2007 - 01/07/2007, stage of a touring exhibition

- Journey to the Afterlife. Egyptian Antiquities from the Louvre, Canberra (Australia), National Gallery of Australia, 11/17/2006 - 02/25/2007, stage of a touring exhibition

- The Egyptian man according to the masterpieces of the Louvre, Nagoya (Japan), City Art Museum, 29/03/2005 - 22/05/2005

- Eternal Egypt, 4,000 years of history, Taipei (External, Taiwan), Tchang Kaï-Chek Memorial, 21/11/2003 - 28/03/2004

Last updated on 18.03.2024

The contents of this entry do not necessarily take account of the latest data.

Permalink: https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010008065

JSON Record: https://collections.louvre.fr/

Title
Triple Compartment Funeral Servant Box, XXIst Dynasty (attribution according to style) (-1069 - -943 ?), Findspot unknown Egypt, Wood and paint, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010008065

The Louvre Museum

King Menkaura (Mycerinus) and Queen

Egyptian
Old Kingdom, Dynasty 4, reign of Menkaura
[2490–2472](tel:2490%E2%80%932472) B.C.
Findspot: Egypt, Giza, Menkaura Valley Temple

MEDIUM/TECHNIQUE
Greywacke

DIMENSIONS
Overall: 142.2 x 57.1 x 55.2 cm, 676.8 kg (56 x 22 1/2 x 21 3/4 in., 1492.1 lb.)
Block (Wooden skirts and two top): 53.3 x 180 x 179.7 cm (21 x 70 7/8 x 70 3/4 in.)

CREDIT LINE
Harvard University—Boston Museum of Fine Arts Expedition

ACCESSION NUMBER
11.1738

ON VIEW
Egypt: Old Kingdom Sculptures Gallery (Gallery 113)

COLLECTIONS
Ancient Egypt, Nubia and the Near East

CLASSIFICATIONS
Sculpture

DESCRIPTION
At twilight on January 18, 1910, a young boy beckoned George Reisner to the Menkaura Valley Temple. There, emerging from a robbers' pit into which it had been discarded were the tops of two heads of a pair statue, perfectly preserved and nearly life-size. This was the modern world's first glimpse of one of humankind's artistic masterworks, the statue of Menkaura and queen.

The two figures stand side-by-side, gazing into eternity. He represents the epitome of kingship and the ideal human male form. She is the ideal female. He wears the nemes on his head, a long artificial beard, and a wraparound kilt with central tab, all of which identify him as king. In his hand he clasps what may be abbreviated forms of the symbols of his office. His high cheekbones, bulbous nose, slight furrows running diagonally from his nose to the corners of his mouth, and lower lip thrust out in a slight pout, may be seen on her as well, although her face has a feminine fleshiness, which his lacks. Traces of red paint remain on his face and black paint on her wig.

His broad shoulders, taut torso, and muscular arms and legs, all modeled with subtlety and restraint, convey a latent strength. In contrast, her narrow shoulders and slim body, whose contours are apparent under her tight-fitting sheath dress, represent the Egyptian ideal of femininity. As is standard for sculptures of Egyptian men, his left foot is advanced, although all his weight remains on the right foot. Typically, Egyptian females are shown with both feet together, but here, the left foot is shown slightly forward. Although they stand together sharing a common base and back slab, and she embraces him, they remain aloof and share no emotion, either with the viewer or each other.

Who is represented here? The base of the statue which is usually inscribed with the names and titles of the subject represented, was left unfinished and never received the final polish of most of the rest of the statue. Because it was found in Menkaura's Valley Temple and because it resembles other statues from the same findspot bearing his name, there is no doubt that the male figure is King Menkaura. Reisner suggested that the woman was Queen Khamerernebty II, the only of Menkaura's queens known by name. She, however, had only a mastaba tomb, while two unidentified queens of Menkaura had small pyramids. Others have suggested that she represents the goddess Hathor, although she exhibits no divine attributes. Because later kings are often shown with their mothers, still other scholars have suggested that the woman by Menkaura's side may be his mother. However, in private sculptures when a man and woman are shown together and their relationship is indicated, they are most often husband and wife. Because private sculpture is modeled after royal examples, this suggests that she is indeed one of Menkaura's queens, but ultimately, the name of the woman represented in this splendid sculpture may never be known.

PROVENANCE
From Giza, Menkaura Valley Temple. 1909: excavated by the Harvard University-Museum of Fine Arts Expedition; 1911: assigned to the MFA by the Egyptian government
(Accession Date: March 2, 1911)

Title
King Menkaura (Mycerinus) and Queen, Old Kingdom, Dynasty 4, reign of Menkaura
[2490–2472](tel:2490%E2%80%932472) B.C., Findspot: Egypt, Giza, Menkaura Valley Temple, Greywacke, The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

https://collections.mfa.org/objects/230/king-menkaura-mycerinus-and-queen?ctx=9ca5f621-3fda-4854-be97-d69d73b5a4dd&idx=5

The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

I’m not sure if this even says anything but it’s a necklace I got from my parents who travelled a lot :) any help is appreciated!

Mummiform funerary servant

-1279 / -1212 (Ramesses II)

Place of discovery: Deir el-Medina

E 27149; E 27147 ERR

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory numberMain number: E 27149

Other inventory number: E 27147 ERR

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation: momiform funerary servant

Description/Featuresman (tripartite wig, ousekh necklace, crossed arms, holder, two umbrellas)

Registrations Writing:

Hierarchical (in the back)

hieroglyphic

Nature of the text:

Formula of ouchebtis

Names and titles
Sennedjem (servant-sedjem-ach in the Place of Truth)

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Dimensions Height: 19.4 cm; Width: 6.5 cm; Thickness: 4.3 cm

Materials and techniques Material: limestone

Technique: painting

PLACES AND DATES

Date Ramses II (mention of character) (-1279 - -1212)

Place of discovery Deir el-Medina (West Thebes->Thebes->Theban region)

HISTORY
Object history Given by the Egyptian government to Gaston Maspero; purchased from an antiquary during a public sale in Drouot on 11/2/1973 (no. 40) by the Banque Belgique Industrielle; bought back from this bank by the Louvre at the beginning of May 1974 (Desroches-Noblecourt 2003).

Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / Dedicatee Industrial Belgium, Seller

Maspero, Gaston, Collector

Acquisition details purchase

Acquisition date public sale date: 02/11/1973 (Drouot)

Committee/commission date: 02/05/1974

Date of the council: 08/05/1974

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

LOCATION OF OBJECT

Current location
Sully, [AE] Room 319 - Book of the Dead, Display Case 3

index

Mode of acquisition purchase

Mummiform funerary name servant

Calcium material

Painting techniques

Description/Features Cross-braids - holder - men - ousekh necklace - tripartite wig - two hoods

Names and titles
Sennedjem - servant-sedjem-ach in the Place of Truth

Period Ramsès II

Places Deir el-Medina

Nature of textformule of ouchebtis
Scriptural - hieroglyphic

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Piacentini, Patrizia, "The antiquities path: from the Sale Room of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, through dealers, to private and public collections. A work in progress", in Piacentini, Patrizia; Orsenigo, Christian; Quirke, Stephen G. (eds.), Forming material Egypt: proceedings of the International Conference London 20-21 May, 2013, Milano, Pontremoli, (Egyptian & Egyptological Documents, Archives, Libraries (EDAL) 4), 2013-2014, p. 105-130, p. 110

Donnat, Sylvie (dir.), Mahmoud Abd el-Qader, Adel, Catalogue of funerary objects from the tomb of the Servant in the Place of Truth Sennedjem (TT1): ushabtis, ushabtis in coffins, ushabti boxes, canopic coffins, canopic chests, cosmetic chests, furniture, dummy vases, pottery jars, and walking sticks, mainly from Egyptian Museum in Cairo and Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York, Cairo, Institut français d'archéologie orientale (IFAO), (Bibliothèque générale 37), 2011, p. 5-6, 48, cat. 85

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "The funerary servants of artists and artisans in the collections of the Louvre", Egypt, Africa & Orient, 57, 2010, p. 3-14, p. 8, note 30

Link, Li-Li (dir.), Eternal Egypt: 4000 years of civilization, exhibition cat. (Taipei, November 21, 2003 - November 7, 2004), Taipei, Jio Kuan Culture, Production and Management, 2004, p. 236, 295, illus. p. 236, no. 157

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "About the Louvre exhibition "Chaouabtis: pharaonic workers for eternity" ", Egypt, Africa & Orient, 29, 2003, p. 57-62, p. 60

Desroches-Noblecourt, Christiane, Under the gaze of the gods, Paris, Albin Michel, (General Library 37), 2003, p. 326-329, fig. XVI

Andreu, Guillemette (dir.), The Artists of Pharaoh. Deir el-Medinah and the Valley of the Kings, exhibition cat. (Paris, Louvre Museum, April 15 - July 22, 2002; Brussels, Royal Museums of Art and History, September 10, 2002 - January 12, 2003), Paris / Turnhout, Réunion des musées nationaux (RMN) / Brepols, 2002, p. 298-299, ill. p. 298, no. 246a

Andreu, Guillemette; Gombert, Florence, Deir el-Medineh: the artisans of the pharaoh, Paris, Hazan, 2002, p. 42

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "The funerary servants of Deir Al-Medina", Egypt, Africa & Orient, 25, 2002, p. 59-64, p. 63, fig. 1 p. 59

Podvin, Jean-Louis, "The funerary furniture of the tomb of Sennedjem", Göttinger Miszellen (GM), 191, 2002, p. 77-84, p. 79 note 10, 82

Egyptian art in the time of the Pharaohs, collections of the Louvre Museum, exhibition cat. (Sao Paulo, Museu de Arte Brasileira, May 2-July 22, 2001), Sao Paulo, Fundaçao Armando Alvares Penteado, 2001, p. 156-158, ill. p. 158, no. 15

Andreu, Guillemette; Rigault, Patricia; Traunecker, Claude, The ABCdaire of Ancient Egypt, Paris, Flammarion, 1999, p. 81, ill. p. 80-81

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "The catalogue of funerary servants (shaouabti, ouchebti) of the Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre Museum", in Eyre, Christopher J. (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, Cambridge, September 3-9, 1995, Louvain, Peeters, (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta (OLA) ; 82), 1998, p. 201-213

Andreu, Guillemette; Rutschowscaya, Marie-Hélène; Ziegler, Christiane, Ancient Egypt at the Louvre, [Louvre Museum, Paris], Paris, Hachette, 1997, p. 157-158; 254, ill. p. 158, no. 74

Ziegler, Christiane; Letellier, Bernadette; Delange, Élisabeth; Pierrat-Bonnefois, Geneviève; Barbotin, Christophe; Étienne, Marc, Egyptian antiquities: visitor guide, 1, [Louvre Museum, Paris], Paris, Editions of the National Museums Association, 1997, p. 94

Donadoni Roveri, Anna Maria (dir.), Nefertari: Light of Egypt, exhibition cat. (Turin, Palazzo della Promotrice delle Belle Arti, 1995), Rome, 1996, p. 205, ill. p. 205, no. 67

Davies, W. Vivian; Ziegler, Christiane; Donadoni Roveri, Anna Maria; Bierbrier, Morris L.; Barbotin, Christophe; Guidotti, Maria Cristina; Leospo, Enrichetta (dir.), Nefertari: Luce d'Egitto, exhibition cat. (Rome (Italy), Palazzo Ruspoli, October 6, 1994 - February 19, 1995), Italy, Leonardo Arte, 1994, p. 204, illus. p. 204, no. 66

Bridonneau, Catherine, "The Book of Death and Funeral Customs", Le Monde de la Bible, 78, 1992, p. 29-35, p. 33, fig. 38 p. 35

Spanel, Donald B., "Notes on the terminology for funerary figurines", Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur (SAK), 13, 1986, p. 249-253, p. 252 note 17

Leclant, Jean, The pharaohs, 2, The empire of conquerors, Paris, Gallimard, (The universe of forms), 1979, fig. 265 p. 255

"Major acquisitions of museums in 1975," La Chronique des arts et de la curiosité. Supplement to the Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 26, 1286, 1976, p. 82

Knowledge of the Arts, Special number on public sales in Paris 1973-1974, 1974, p. 170

EXHIBITION HISTORY
- Eternal Egypt, 4,000 years of history, Taipei (External, Taiwan), Tchang Kaï-Chek Memorial, 21/11/2003 - 28/03/2004

- The Pharaoh artists, Deir El-Medineh and the Valley of the Kings, Brussels (Belgium), Royal Museums of Art and History, 09/11/2002 - 01/12/2003

- Egyptian art in the time of the Pharaohs, collections of the Louvre Museum, Sao Paulo (Brazil), Armando Alvares Penteado Foundation, 02/05/2001 - 22/07/2001

- Nefertari: Light of Egypt, Turin (Italy), Palazzo della Promotrice delle Belle Arti, 12/15/1995 - 04/07/1996

- Nefertari: Light of Egypt, Rome (External, Italy), Palazzo Ruspoli - Fondazione Memmo, 06/10/1994 - 19/02/1995

Title
Mummiform funerary servant, Ramses II (mention of character) (-1279 - -1212), Findspot Deir el-Medina (West Thebes->Thebes->Theban region), Calcium, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010007857

The Louvre Museum

Mummy form funerary servant

-1279 / -1212 (Ramesses II)

Place of discovery: Deir el-Medina

E 27148

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory numberMain number: E 27148

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation: momiform funerary servant

Description/Features

Registrations Writing:

hieroglyphic

Nature of the text:

Formula of ouchebtis

Names and titles Khâbekenet (servant-sédjem-âch in the Place of Truth)

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions Height: 18.9 cm; Width: 6.3 cm; Thickness: 3.8 cm

Materials and techniques Material: limestone

Technique: painting

Color: white-black-ocre red-ocre yellow

PLACES AND DATES

Date Ramses II (mention of character) (-1279 - -1212)

Place of discoveryDeir el-Medina (West Thebes->Thebes->Theban region)

HISTORY

Object history Given by the Egyptian government to Gaston Maspero; purchased from an antiquary during a public sale in Drouot on 11/2/1973 (no. 39) by the Banque Belgique Industrielle; bought back from this bank by the Louvre at the beginning of May 1974 (Desroches-Noblecourt 2003).

Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / Dedicatee Industrial Belgium, Seller

Maspero, Gaston, Collector

Acquisition details purchase

Acquisition date public sale date: 02/11/1973 (Drouot)

Committee/commission date: 02/05/1974

Date of the council: 08/05/1974

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

LOCATION OF OBJECT

Current location
Sully, [AE] Room 319 - Book of the Dead, Display Case 3

index

Mode of acquisition purchase

Mummy form funerary servant

Calcium material

Painting techniques

Names and titles
Khâbekenet - servant-sédjem-âch in the Place of Truth

Period Ramsès II

Places Deir el-Medina

Nature of textformule of ouchebtis
Scriptigraphic

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Näser, Claudia, Der Alltag des Todes. Funeräre Praktiken in Deir el-Medine im Neuen Reich, London, Golden House Publications, 2024, Available at: http://www.goldenhp.co.uk/978-1-906137885.pdf, p. 212, 218

Farout, Dominique, Ancient Egypt and hieroglyphs, Paris, Louvre editions; Flammarion jeunesse, 2022, ill. p. 51

Kraemer, Bryan, "A Tight-Lipped "Shawabti" from Deir el-Medina in the Princeton University Art Museum", Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University, 74, 2015, p. 20-31, p. 29, note 14, 21

Piacentini, Patrizia, "The antiquities path: from the Sale Room of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, through dealers, to private and public collections. A work in progress", in Piacentini, Patrizia; Orsenigo, Christian; Quirke, Stephen G. (eds.), Forming material Egypt: proceedings of the International Conference London 20-21 May, 2013, Milano, Pontremoli, (Egyptian & Egyptological Documents, Archives, Libraries (EDAL) 4), 2013-2014, p. 105-130, p. 110

Donnat, Sylvie (dir.), Mahmoud Abd el-Qader, Adel, Catalogue of funerary objects from the tomb of the Servant in the Place of Truth Sennedjem (TT1): ushabtis, ushabtis in coffins, ushabti boxes, canopic coffins, canopic chests, cosmetic chests, furniture, dummy vases, pottery jars, and walking sticks, mainly from Egyptian Museum in Cairo and Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York, Cairo, Institut français d'archéologie orientale (IFAO), (General Library 37), 2011, p. 5-6, 16-17, 45, cat. 27

Chaouabtis, pharaonic workers for eternity, cat. exp. (Paris, Louvre Museum, 2003), Paris, Editions of the National Museums Association, 2003, p. 51 note 85, 58 note 119

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "About the Louvre exhibition "Chaouabtis: pharaonic workers for eternity" ", Egypt, Africa & Orient, 29, 2003, p. 57-62, p. 60

Desroches-Noblecourt, Christiane, Under the gaze of the gods, Paris, Albin Michel, (General Library 37), 2003, p. 326-329, fig. XVI

Andreu, Guillemette (dir.), The Artists of Pharaoh. Deir el-Medinah and the Valley of the Kings, exhibition cat. (Paris, Louvre Museum, April 15 - July 22, 2002; Brussels, Royal Museums of Art and History, September 10, 2002 - January 12, 2003), Paris / Turnhout, Réunion des musées nationaux (RMN) / Brepols, 2002, p. 298-299, ill. p. 299, no. 246b

Andreu, Guillemette; Gombert, Florence, Deir el-Medineh: the artisans of the pharaoh, Paris, Hazan, 2002, p. 42

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "The funerary servants of Deir Al-Medina", Egypt, Africa & Orient, 25, 2002, p. 59-64, p. 62, fig. 1 p. 59; fig. 2 p. 62

Podvin, Jean-Louis, "The funerary furniture of the tomb of Sennedjem", Göttinger Miszellen (GM), 191, 2002, p. 77-84, p. 79 note 10, 81

Ziegler, Christiane; Bovot, Jean-Luc, Art and archaeology: Ancient Egypt, Paris, Louvre School / La Documentation française / National Museums Association, 2001 (Manuals of the Louvre School), p. 240-241, fig. 140 p. 240

Andreu, Guillemette; Rigault, Patricia; Traunecker, Claude, The ABCdaire of Ancient Egypt, Paris, Flammarion, 1999, p. 81, ill. p. 80-81

Eisenberg, Jerome M., "The New Egyptian Galleries at the Louvre", Minerva. The International Review of Ancient Art and Archaeology, 9, fasc. 5, 1998, p. 8-14, p. 10, fig. 12

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "The catalogue of funerary servants (shaouabti, ouchebti) of the Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre Museum", in Eyre, Christopher J. (dir.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, Cambridge, September 3-9, 1995, Louvain, Peeters, (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta (OLA) ; 82), 1998, p. 201-213, p. 205, 207, fig. 3

Andreu, Guillemette; Rutschowscaya, Marie-Hélène; Ziegler, Christiane, Ancient Egypt at the Louvre, [Louvre Museum, Paris], Paris, Hachette, 1997, p. 157-158; 254, ill. p. 158, no. 74

Ziegler, Christiane; Letellier, Bernadette; Delange, Élisabeth; Pierrat-Bonnefois, Geneviève; Barbotin, Christophe; Étienne, Marc, The Egyptian antiquities: visitor guide, 1, [Louvre Museum, Paris], Paris, Editions of the National Museums Association, 1997, p. 93, ill. p. 93

Labbé-Toutée, Sophie, "Aspect of a civilization", Fine Arts Special Issue, Special No.: Egypt: Louvre collections, 1997, p. 12-26, fig. 46 p. 25

Podvin, Jean-Louis, Composition, position and orientation of funerary furniture in private Egyptian tombs of the Middle Empire to the Late Period, Lille, National Workshop of Thesis Reproduction, 197, p. 337

Donadoni Roveri, Anna Maria (dir.), Nefertari: Light of Egypt, exhibition cat. (Turin, Palazzo della Promotrice delle Belle Arti, 1995), Rome, 1996, p. 204, ill. p. 204, no. 66

Davies, W. Vivian; Ziegler, Christiane; Donadoni Roveri, Anna Maria; Bierbrier, Morris L.; Barbotin, Christophe; Guidotti, Maria Cristina; Leospo, Enrichetta (dir.), Nefertari: Luce d'Egitto, exhibition cat. (Rome (Italy), Palazzo Ruspoli, October 6, 1994 - February 19, 1995), Italy, Leonardo Arte, 1994, p. 204, illus. p. 204, no. 65

Bresc-Bautier, Geneviève (dir.), Durand, Jannic; Alcouffe, Daniel, Le Louvre. Treasures of the largest museum in the world, Paris, Brussels, Montreal, Zurich, Selection of Reader's Digest, 1991, p. 79, ill. p. 79

Maruéjol, Florence, Egyptian Art at the Louvre, [Musée du Louvre, Paris], Paris, Scala, 1991, p. 85, ill. p. 85

"Major acquisitions of museums in 1975," La Chronique des arts et de la curiosité. Supplement to the Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 26, 1286, 1976, p. 82

Knowledge of the Arts, Special number on public sales in Paris 1973-1974, 1974, p. 170

EXHIBITION HISTORY
- The Pharaoh artists, Deir El-Medineh and the Valley of the Kings, Brussels (Belgium), Royal Museums of Art and History, 09/11/2002 - 01/12/2003

- Nefertari: Light of Egypt, Turin (Italy), Palazzo della Promotrice delle Belle Arti, 12/15/1995 - 04/07/1996

- Nefertari, in search of eternal life, Rome (Italy), Palazzo Ruspoli - Fondazione Memmo, 02/20/1995 - 06/06/1995

- Nefertari: Light of Egypt, Rome (External, Italy), Palazzo Ruspoli - Fondazione Memmo, 06/10/1994 - 19/02/1995

Title
Mummy form funerary servant, Ramses II (mention of character) (-1279 - -1212), Findspot Deir el-Medina, Calcium and paint, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010012992

The Louvre Museum

Single compartment funeral servant box
-1279 / -1212 (Ramesses II)

Place of discovery: TT 1 Sennedjem (?)

E 27147

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory number Main number: E 27147

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Description

Object name/Title Designation: coffin for funeral attendants with a single compartment

Description/FeaturesDecoration: front face; couple (seated); woman (pleated dress with sleeves, long enveloping wig, front headband, lotus flower, perfume cone, earrings); man (seated, pleated loincloth, breathable, lotus flower); oudjat eye (2); lion foot chair

Back; right side; left side; rectangles (nested)

Registrations Writing:

hieroglyphic

Nature of the text:
behalf
title

Names and titles
Khâbekenet ; Iset (wife, housekeeper)

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions Height: 30 cm; Length: 17.8 cm; Width: 18.3 cm

Materials and techniques Material: wood

Technique: painting

PLACES AND DATES

Date Ramses II (mention of character) (-1279 - -1212)

Place of discovery TT 1 tomb of Sennedjem (West Cemetery->Deir el-Medina->West Thèbes)

HISTORY

Object history: Given by the Egyptian government to Gaston Maspero; purchased from an antiquary during a public sale in Drouot on 11/2/1973 (no. 41) by the Banque Belgique Industrielle; bought back from this bank by the Louvre at the beginning of May 1974 (Desroches-Noblecourt 2003).

Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / Dedicatee Industrial Belgium, Seller

Maspero, Gaston, Collector

Acquisition details purchase

Acquisition date public sale date: 02/11/1973 (Drouot)

Committee/commission date: 02/05/1974

Date of the council: 08/05/1974

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

LOCATION OF OBJECT

Current location
Sully, [AE] Room 319 - Book of the Dead, Display Case 3

Mode of acquisition purchase

Name box for funerary servants with a single compartment

Materials wood

Painting techniques

Description/Features lion foot chair - oudjat eye - breathable - left side - right side - front side - back side - couple - lotus flower - woman - man - sitting - earrings - long enveloping wig - forehead band - perfume cone - 2 - pleated dress with sleeves - pleated pañne - interwoven - rectangles

Names and titles
set - Khâbekenet - housekeeper - wife

Period Ramses II

PlacesTT 1 Sennedjem

Nature of textnom - title

Scriptigraphic

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Näser, Claudia, Der Alltag des Todes. Funeräre Praktiken in Deir el-Medine im Neuen Reich, London, Golden House Publications, 2024, Available at: http://www.goldenhp.co.uk/978-1-906137885.pdf, p. 210, 212, 216

Gaber, Hanane; Bazin Rizzo, Laure; Servajean, Frédéric (dir.), At Work: We Know the Artisan... of Pharaoh! A century of French research in Deir el-Medina (1917-2017), exhibition cat. (Cairo, Egyptian Museum, 2017), Milan; Montpellier, Silvana Editoriale, 2017, p. 172

Kraemer, Bryan, "A Tight-Lipped "Shawabti" from Deir el-Medina in the Princeton University Art Museum", Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University, 74, 2015, p. 20-31, p. 29, note 14

Piacentini, Patrizia, "The antiquities path: from the Sale Room of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, through dealers, to private and public collections. A work in progress", in Piacentini, Patrizia; Orsenigo, Christian; Quirke, Stephen G. (eds.), Forming material Egypt: proceedings of the International Conference London 20-21 May, 2013, Milano, Pontremoli, (Egyptian & Egyptological Documents, Archives, Libraries (EDAL) 4), 2013-2014, p. 105-130, p. 110

Donnat, Sylvie (dir.), Mahmoud Abd el-Qader, Adel, Catalogue of funerary objects from the tomb of the Servant in the Place of Truth Sennedjem (TT1): ushabtis, ushabtis in coffins, ushabti boxes, canopic coffins, canopic chests, cosmetic chests, furniture, dummy vases, pottery jars, and walking sticks, mainly from Egyptian Museum in Cairo and Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York, Cairo, Institut français d'archéologie orientale (IFAO), (Bibliothèque générale 37), 2011, p. 5-6, 15, 43, cat. 7

Link, Li-Li (dir.), Eternal Egypt: 4000 years of civilization, exhibition cat. (Taipei, November 21, 2003 - November 7, 2004), Taipei, Jio Kuan Culture, Production and Management, 2004, p. 236,295, No. 157

Chaouabtis, pharaonic workers for eternity, cat. exp. (Paris, Louvre Museum, 2003), Paris, Editions of the National Museums Union, 2003, p. 39 note 55, 58 note 118, 51 note 84

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "About the Louvre exhibition "Chaouabtis: pharaonic workers for eternity" ", Egypt, Africa & Orient, 29, 2003, p. 57-62, p. 60

Desroches-Noblecourt, Christiane, Under the gaze of the gods, Paris, Albin Michel, (General Library 37), 2003, p. 326-329, fig. XVI

Andreu, Guillemette (dir.), The Artists of Pharaoh. Deir el-Medinah and the Valley of Kings, exhibition cat. (Paris, Louvre Museum, April 15 - July 22, 2002; Brussels, Royal Museums of Art and History, September 10, 2002 - January 12, 2003), Paris / Turnhout, Réunion des musées nationaux (RMN) / Brepols, 2002, p. 298-299, ill. p. 298, no. 246 c

Andreu, Guillemette; Gombert, Florence, Deir el-Medineh: the artisans of the pharaoh, Paris, Hazan, 2002, p. 43

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "The funerary servants of Deir Al-Medina", Egypt, Africa & Orient, 25, 2002, p. 59-64, p. 62, fig. 1 p. 59

Podvin, Jean-Louis, "The funerary furniture of the tomb of Sennedjem", Göttinger Miszellen (GM), 191, 2002, p. 77-84, p. 79 note 10, 81

Ziegler, Christiane; Bovot, Jean-Luc, Art and archaeology: Ancient Egypt, Paris, Louvre School / La Documentation française / National Museums Association, 2001 (Manuals of the Louvre School), p. 240-241, fig. 140 p. 240

Andreu, Guillemette; Rigault, Patricia; Traunecker, Claude, The ABCdaire of Ancient Egypt, Paris, Flammarion, 1999, p. 81, ill. p. 80-81

Eisenberg, Jerome M., "The New Egyptian Galleries at the Louvre", Minerva. The International Review of Ancient Art and Archaeology, 9, fasc. 5, 1998, p. 8-14, p. 10, fig. 12

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "The catalogue of funerary servants (shaouabti, ouchebti) of the Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre Museum", in Eyre, Christopher J. (dir.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, Cambridge, September 3-9, 1995, Louvain, Peeters, (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta (OLA) ; 82), 1998, p. 201-213, p. 205

Andreu, Guillemette; Rutschowscaya, Marie-Hélène; Ziegler, Christiane, Ancient Egypt at the Louvre, [Louvre Museum, Paris], Paris, Hachette, 1997, p. 157-158; 254, ill. p. 158, no. 74

Ziegler, Christiane; Letellier, Bernadette; Delange, Élisabeth; Pierrat-Bonnefois, Geneviève; Barbotin, Christophe; Étienne, Marc, The Egyptian antiquities: visitor guide, 1, [Louvre Museum, Paris], Paris, Editions of the National Museums Association, 1997, p. 93, ill. p. 93

Labbé-Toutée, Sophie, "Aspect of a civilization", Fine Arts Special Issue, Special No.: Egypt: Louvre collections, 1997, p. 12-26, fig. 46 p. 25

Podvin, Jean-Louis, Composition, position and orientation of funerary furniture in private Egyptian tombs of the Middle Empire to the Late Period, Lille, National Workshop of Thesis Reproduction, 197, p. 340

Donadoni Roveri, Anna Maria (dir.), Nefertari: Light of Egypt, exhibition cat. (Turin, Palazzo della Promotrice delle Belle Arti, 1995), Rome, 1996, p. 204, ill. p. 204, no. 65

Aston, David A., "The shabti box: a typological study", Oudheidkundige mededelingen uit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden (OMRO), 74, 1994, p. 21-54, p. 23

Davies, W. Vivian; Ziegler, Christiane; Donadoni Roveri, Anna Maria; Bierbrier, Morris L.; Barbotin, Christophe; Guidotti, Maria Cristina; Leospo, Enrichetta (dir.), Nefertari: Luce d'Egitto, exhibition cat. (Rome (Italy), Palazzo Ruspoli, October 6, 1994 - February 19, 1995), Italy, Leonardo Arte, 1994, p. 205, fig. p. 205, no. 67

Bresc-Bautier, Geneviève (dir.), Durand, Jannic; Alcouffe, Daniel, Le Louvre. Treasures of the largest museum in the world, Paris, Brussels, Montreal, Zurich, Selection of Reader's Digest, 1991, p. 79, ill. p. 79

Maruéjol, Florence, Egyptian Art at the Louvre, [Musée du Louvre, Paris], Paris, Scala, 1991, p. 85, ill. p. 85

Leclant, Jean, The pharaohs, 2, The empire of conquerors, Paris, Gallimard, (The universe of forms), 1979, fig. 212 p. 219

"Main acquisitions of museums in 1975," La Chronique des arts et de la curiosité. Supplement to the Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 26, 1286, 1976, p. 1, fig. 2, no. 2

Knowledge of the Arts, Special number on public sales in Paris 1973-1974, 1974, p. 170

EXHIBITION HISTORY
- Nefertari, in search of eternal life, Rome (Italy), Palazzo Ruspoli - Fondazione Memmo, 02/20/1995 - 06/06/1995

- Nefertari: Light of Egypt, Rome (External, Italy), Palazzo Ruspoli - Fondazione Memmo, 06/10/1994 - 19/02/1995

Title
Single compartment funeral servant box, Ramses II (mention of character) (-1279 - -1212), Findspot TT 1 tomb of Sennedjem (West Cemetery->Deir el-Medina->West Thèbes), Wood and paint, The Louvre Museum
<

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010013300

The Louvre Museum

Went to Mummies in the Hall at Smithills Hall in Bolton on Saturday and got to meet Professor Joann Fletcher. I’m a fan of her work, and we had a quick chat about my plans to study Egyptology. I’m currently doing the University of Liverpool’s Go Higher course, so meeting her at this stage of my own journey meant a lot.

The afternoon included a talk and a screening of The Mummy. Didn’t get to ask a question during the session, but came away with a photo and had a brilliant day.

Has anyone else been to one of her talks?

Double-layered compartment funeral servant box

-1295 / -1069 (19th dynasty; 20th dynasty)

N 2642; Salt no. 3297?

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory number
Main number: N 2642

Previous coll. no.: Salt no. 3297?

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation: double-layered per-nou funeral servant's box

Description/Features box set; box lid (2)

Decoration: front face; funerary meal; man (oosekh collar, banner-like loincloth, holding, khérep scepter, sitting on) ; lion's foot chair

Right side; left side; back side; rectangles (nested)

Registrations Writing:
hieroglyphic

Nature of the text:
behalf

Names and titles
Iyrnioutef

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions Height: 33.5 cm; Width: 22.7 cm; Thickness: 13.7 cm

Materials and techniques Material: wood

Secondary material: straw (?) (inside the box)

Technique: painting

PLACES AND DATES

Date
XIXth dynasty; XXth dynasty (known character) (character mention) (-1295 - -1069)

HISTORY
Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / Dedicatee Salt, Henry, Seller; Collector

Acquisition details
purchase

Acquisition date
date of registration in the inventory: 1826

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

LOCATION OF OBJECT
Current location
Sully, [AE] Room 319 - Book of the Dead, Display Case 3

index

Mode of acquisition purchase

Name
box for double-layered funeral serving trays in per

Materials
wood - straw

Painting techniques

Description/Features
box cover - box - lion footstool - holder - left side - right side - front - back - funeral meal - man - sitting on - ousekh necklace - 2 - khérep scepter - banner - interlocking - rectangles

Names and titles
Period XIX dynasty - XX dynasty

Nature of text
Scriptigraphic

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Andreu, Guillemette; Desclaux, Vanessa; Virenque, Hélène (dir.), The Champollion Adventure, in the secret of the hieroglyphs, exhibition cat. (Paris (External, France), National Library of France, François-Mitterrand site, 04/12/2022-07/24/2022), Paris, National Library of France, 2022, p. 236

The Invention of the Louvre, cat. exp. (Beijing, National Museum of China, 2017), Beijing, 2017

Pomarède, Vincent; Mathieux, Néguine (dir.), The Invention of the Louvre, exhibition catalogue (Beijing (External, China), National Museum of China, 2017), Beijing, National Museum of China / Louvre editions, 2017

Torres, Pascal; Mathieux, Néguine; Pomarède, Vincent (dir.), The Invention of the Louvre, exhibition cat. (Hong Kong (China), Heritage Museum, 2017), Hong Kong, Louvre Museum, 2017

Guichard, Sylvie (dir.), Champollion, Jean-François, Descriptive notice of Egyptian monuments of the Charles X Museum, Paris, Louvre editions / editions Khéops, 2013, p. 287, ill. p. 286, R. 3 or 4

Chaouabtis, pharaonic workers for eternity, cat. exp. (Paris, Louvre Museum, 2003), Paris, Editions of the National Museums Association, 2003, p. 41, 84, no. 83

Janes, Glenn, Shabtis, private view. Ancient Egyptian funerary statuettes in European private collections, Paris, Cybèle, 2002, p. 14-15

Aston, David A., "The shabti box: a typological study", Oudheidkundige mededelingen uit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden (OMRO), 74, 1994, p. 21-54, p. 24, 44

Kitchen, Kenneth Anderson, Ramesside Inscriptions. Historical and Biographical, 5, Oxford, B.H. Blackwell Ltd, 1970-1983, p. 662, no. 248, B.VIII.1, 2

Letellier, Bernadette (dir.), Everyday life among the artisans of the pharaohs, exhibition cat. (Metz, Metz Museums, November 12, 1978-February 28, 1979), Metz, Metz Museums, 1978, p. 104, ill. p. 105, no. 140

Porter, Bertha; Moss, Rosalind L.B., Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings, 1.2, The Theban Necropolis. Royal Tombs and Smaller Cemeteries, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1964, Available at: http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/topbib/pdf/pm1-2.pdf, p. 747

Vandier, Jacques, Summary Guide, [Louvre Museum, Paris. Department of Egyptian Antiquities], Paris, Editions des Musées Nationaux, 1952, p. 53

Vandier, Jacques, Summary Guide, [Louvre Museum, Paris. Department of Egyptian Antiquities], Paris, Editions des Musées Nationaux, 1948, p. 52

Bruyère, Bernard, Mert Seger in Deir el Médineh, Cairo, Printing House of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (IFAO), (Memoirs published by the members of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (MIFAO); 58), 1930, p. 16

Champollion, Jean-François, Descriptive notice of Egyptian monuments of the Charles X Museum, Paris, Crapelet Printing House, 1827, Available at: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1040365n, p. 137, R. 3 or 4

EXHIBITION HISTORY
- The Champollion adventure: in the secret of the hieroglyphs, Paris (External, France), National Library of France, François Mitterrand site, 04/12/2022 - 07/24/2022

- The Invention of the Louvre, Heritage Museum, 04/26/2017 - 07/24/2017, stage of an itinerant exhibition

- The Invention of the Louvre, Beijing (External, China), National Museum of China, 01/12/2017 - 03/31/2017, stage of a touring exhibition

- Daily life among the pharaonic artisans, Metz (External, France), Museum of Art and History, 11/12/1978 - 02/28/1979

Last updated on 24.11.2025

The contents of this entry do not necessarily take account of the latest data.

Permalink: https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010008139

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Title
Double-layered compartment funeral servant box, XIXth dynasty; XXth dynasty (known character) (character mention) (-1295 - -1069), Findspot unknown Egypt, Wood straw?, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010008139

The Louvre Museum

Funerary Mask 01

Funerary mask of cartonnage, painted in red blue black green and pink, with gilded gold face, and scenes of gods: Ancient Egyptian, Hawara, Middle Egypt, Roman Period, c20 BC - 70 AD

This item is on display
National Museum Of Scotland, Level 5, World Cultures, Ancient Egypt Rediscovered
View museum map

Collection
World Culture

Object number
A.1911.275

Object name
Funerary mask

Production information
Hawara, Middle Egypt, Egypt, Northern Africa
Roman Period

Culture / Style
Roman Period, Ancient Egyptian

Materials
Cartonnage, Plaster, Gold

Collection place(s)
Hawara, Middle Egypt, Egypt, Northern Africa

Associations
Depicted: Isis
Depicted: Nephthys

Hilton Price Collection
Collector: Hilton Price, Frederick George, 1842 - 1909
Excavator: Petrie, William Matthew Flinders, Professor Sir, 1853 - 1942

Exhibitions
Ancient Egypt Rediscovered (08 Feb 2019)
National Museum of Scotland

References
Hilton Price, F. G. (1897 and 1908), A Catalogue of the Egyptian Antiquities in the possession of F. G. Hilton Price, 2 Vols, London: Quaritch. 27.
Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge (1911), Catalogue of the important and extensive collection of Egyptian antiquities, the property of the late F. G. Hilton-Price, Esq. Lot no. 1043.
1897. A Catalogue of the Egyptian Antiquities in the Collection of F. G. Hilton Price, Dir.S.A. London: Bernard Quaritch, p. 5 (no. 27)
Manley, B. and Dodson, A. (2010), Life Everlasting: national Museums Scotland Collection of Ancient Egyptian Coffins, pp.130-131

Title
Funerary mask 01, Roman Period, c20 BC - 70 AD Roman Period, Findspot Hawara Middle Egypt, Cartonnage plaster and gold, National Museums of Scotland

https://www.nms.ac.uk/collections/search/object?entry=300044&school-style-generic=ancient+egyptian&hasImage=true&material=Cartonnage&page=1&view=cards

National Museums of Scotland

Funerary mask

Funerary mask and shroud of painted and plastered cartonnage, depicting a woman wearing a decorated wreath, tunic and holding a vase in one hand : Ancient Egyptian, Upper Egypt, probably Deir el-Bahari, Late Roman Period, 200-300 AD

This item is not on display

Collection
World Culture

Object number
A.1956.1187

Object name
Funerary mask, Shroud

Production information
Unknown
Egypt, Northern Africa
Roman Period
3rd century

Culture / Style
Ancient Egyptian

Collection place(s)
Deir el-Bahari, Upper Egypt, Egypt, Northern Africa

Associations
Previous owner: Rhind, Alexander Henry, 1833 - 1863

Exhibitions
Ancient Egypt (29 Jul 2011)
National Museum of Scotland
Egyptian Gallery, 2003 - 2008(2003 - 2008)
Royal Scottish Museum

References
MURRAY, M A 1900. Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities in the National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh (Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland).33
PARLASCA, K 1966. Mumienporträts und verwandte Denkmäler (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz).44, n.185, 128.143, n.135, 188.207 n.76, 209, pl. 52, 1, 3
GRIMM, G 1974. Die römische Mumienmasken aus Ägypten (Wiesbaden: Frank Steiner). 25, 95 n.32
WALKER S & M BIERBRIER 1997. Ancient Faces. Mummy Portraits from Roman Egypt (London: British Museum Press).158-159[178]
RIGGS, C 2000. “Roman Period Mummy Masks from Deir el-Bahri”, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 86: pp. 121-144131, 141[1]
RIGGS, C & M DEPAUW 2002. “«Soternalia» from Deir el-Bahri, including Two Coffin Lids with Demotic Inscriptions”, Revue d’Égyptologie 53: p.89 with n. 57
RIGGS, C., 2005. The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt: Art, Identity and Funerary Religion (Oxford: Oxford University Press).232-233, 296 [128]
Manley, B and Dodson, A., (2010) Life Everlasting. National Museums Scotland Collection of Ancient Egyptian Coffins (Edinburgh: NMS Enterprises Ltd.), Cat. 63, p.144

Title
Funerary mask, Late Roman Period, 200-300 AD, Findspot Deir el-Bahari? Upper Egypt, Painted and plastered cartonnage, National Museums of Scotland

https://www.nms.ac.uk/collections/search/object?entry=300377&object-name=Shroud&page=1&view=cards

National Museums of Scotland